Welcome to Cocotb’s documentation!¶

Contents:

Introduction¶

What is cocotb?¶

cocotb is a COroutine based COsimulation TestBench environment for verifying VHDL/Verilog RTL using Python.

cocotb is completely free, open source (under the BSD License) and hosted on GitHub.

cocotb requires a simulator to simulate the RTL. Simulators that have been tested and known to work with cocotb:

Linux Platforms

Icarus Verilog
GHDL
Aldec Riviera-PRO
Synopsys VCS
Cadence Incisive and Xcelium
Mentor ModelSim (DE and SE)
Verilator

Windows Platform

Icarus Verilog
Aldec Riviera-PRO
Mentor ModelSim (DE and SE)

A (possibly older) version of cocotb can be used live in a web-browser using EDA Playground.

How is cocotb different?¶

cocotb encourages the same philosophy of design re-use and randomized testing as UVM, however is implemented in Python rather than SystemVerilog.

With cocotb, VHDL/Verilog/SystemVerilog are normally only used for the design itself, not the testbench.

cocotb has built-in support for integrating with the Jenkins continuous integration system.

cocotb was specifically designed to lower the overhead of creating a test.

cocotb automatically discovers tests so that no additional step is required to add a test to a regression.

All verification is done using Python which has various advantages over using SystemVerilog or VHDL for verification:

Writing Python is fast - it’s a very productive language
It’s easy to interface to other languages from Python
Python has a huge library of existing code to re-use like packet generation libraries.
Python is interpreted. Tests can be edited and re-run them without having to recompile the design or exit the simulator GUI.
Python is popular - far more engineers know Python than SystemVerilog or VHDL

How does cocotb work?¶

Overview¶

A typical cocotb testbench requires no additional RTL code. The Design Under Test (DUT) is instantiated as the toplevel in the simulator without any wrapper code. cocotb drives stimulus onto the inputs to the DUT (or further down the hierarchy) and monitors the outputs directly from Python.

A test is simply a Python function. At any given time either the simulator is advancing time or the Python code is executing. The yield keyword is used to indicate when to pass control of execution back to the simulator. A test can spawn multiple coroutines, allowing for independent flows of execution.

Contributors¶

cocotb was developed by Potential Ventures with the support of Solarflare Communications Ltd and contributions from Gordon McGregor and Finn Grimwood (see contributers for the full list of contributions).

We also have a list of talks and papers, libraries and examples at our Wiki page Further Resources. Feel free to add links to cocotb-related content that we are still missing!

Quickstart Guide¶

Installing cocotb¶

Pre-requisites¶

Cocotb has the following requirements:

Python 2.7, Python 3.5+ (recommended)
Python-dev packages
GCC 4.8.1+ and associated development packages
GNU Make
A Verilog or VHDL simulator, depending on your RTL source code

Installation via PIP¶

New in version 1.2.

Cocotb can be installed by running

pip3 install cocotb

or

pip install cocotb

For user local installation follow the pip User Guide.

To install the development version of cocotb:

git clone https://github.com/cocotb/cocotb
pip install -e ./cocotb

Native Linux Installation¶

The following instructions will allow building of the cocotb libraries for use with a 64-bit native simulator.

If a 32-bit simulator is being used then additional steps are needed, please see our Wiki.

Debian/Ubuntu-based¶

sudo apt-get install git make gcc g++ swig python-dev

Red Hat-based¶

sudo yum install gcc gcc-c++ libstdc++-devel swig python-devel

Windows Installation¶

Download the MinGW installer from https://osdn.net/projects/mingw/releases/.

Run the GUI installer and specify a directory you would like the environment installed in. The installer will retrieve a list of possible packages, when this is done press “Continue”. The MinGW Installation Manager is then launched.

The following packages need selecting by checking the tick box and selecting “Mark for installation”

Basic Installation
  -- mingw-developer-tools
  -- mingw32-base
  -- mingw32-gcc-g++
  -- msys-base

From the Installation menu then select “Apply Changes”, in the next dialog select “Apply”.

When installed a shell can be opened using the msys.bat file located under the <install_dir>/msys/1.0/

Python can be downloaded from https://www.python.org/downloads/windows/. Run the installer and download to your chosen location.

It is beneficial to add the path to Python to the Windows system PATH variable so it can be used easily from inside Msys.

Once inside the Msys shell commands as given here will work as expected.

macOS Packages¶

You need a few packages installed to get cocotb running on macOS. Installing a package manager really helps things out here.

Brew seems to be the most popular, so we’ll assume you have that installed.

brew install python icarus-verilog gtkwave

Running your first Example¶

Assuming you have installed the prerequisites as above, the following lines are all you need to run a first simulation with cocotb:

git clone https://github.com/cocotb/cocotb
cd cocotb/examples/endian_swapper/tests
make

Selecting a different simulator is as easy as:

make SIM=vcs

Running the same example as VHDL¶

The endian_swapper example includes both a VHDL and a Verilog RTL implementation. The cocotb testbench can execute against either implementation using VPI for Verilog and VHPI/FLI for VHDL. To run the test suite against the VHDL implementation use the following command (a VHPI or FLI capable simulator must be used):

make SIM=ghdl TOPLEVEL_LANG=vhdl

Using cocotb¶

A typical cocotb testbench requires no additional HDL code (though nothing prevents you from adding testbench helper code). The Design Under Test (DUT) is instantiated as the toplevel in the simulator without any wrapper code. Cocotb drives stimulus onto the inputs to the DUT and monitors the outputs directly from Python.

Creating a Makefile¶

To create a cocotb test we typically have to create a Makefile. Cocotb provides rules which make it easy to get started. We simply inform cocotb of the source files we need compiling, the toplevel entity to instantiate and the Python test script to load.

VERILOG_SOURCES = $(PWD)/submodule.sv $(PWD)/my_design.sv
# TOPLEVEL is the name of the toplevel module in your Verilog or VHDL file:
TOPLEVEL=my_design
# MODULE is the name of the Python test file:
MODULE=test_my_design

include $(shell cocotb-config --makefiles)/Makefile.inc
include $(shell cocotb-config --makefiles)/Makefile.sim

We would then create a file called test_my_design.py containing our tests.

Creating a test¶

The test is written in Python. Cocotb wraps your top level with the handle you pass it. In this documentation, and most of the examples in the project, that handle is dut, but you can pass your own preferred name in instead. The handle is used in all Python files referencing your RTL project. Assuming we have a toplevel port called clk we could create a test file containing the following:

import cocotb
from cocotb.triggers import Timer

@cocotb.test()
def my_first_test(dut):
    """Try accessing the design."""

    dut._log.info("Running test!")
    for cycle in range(10):
        dut.clk = 0
        yield Timer(1, units='ns')
        dut.clk = 1
        yield Timer(1, units='ns')
    dut._log.info("Running test!")

This will drive a square wave clock onto the clk port of the toplevel.

Accessing the design¶

When cocotb initializes it finds the top-level instantiation in the simulator and creates a handle called dut. Top-level signals can be accessed using the “dot” notation used for accessing object attributes in Python. The same mechanism can be used to access signals inside the design.

# Get a reference to the "clk" signal on the top-level
clk = dut.clk

# Get a reference to a register "count"
# in a sub-block "inst_sub_block"
count = dut.inst_sub_block.count

Assigning values to signals¶

Values can be assigned to signals using either the value property of a handle object or using direct assignment while traversing the hierarchy.

# Get a reference to the "clk" signal and assign a value
clk = dut.clk
clk.value = 1

# Direct assignment through the hierarchy
dut.input_signal <= 12

# Assign a value to a memory deep in the hierarchy
dut.sub_block.memory.array[4] <= 2

The syntax sig <= new_value is a short form of sig.value = new_value. It not only resembles HDL syntax, but also has the same semantics: writes are not applied immediately, but delayed until the next write cycle. Use sig.setimmediatevalue(new_val) to set a new value immediately (see setimmediatevalue()).

Reading values from signals¶

Accessing the value property of a handle object will return a BinaryValue object. Any unresolved bits are preserved and can be accessed using the binstr attribute, or a resolved integer value can be accessed using the integer attribute.

>>> # Read a value back from the DUT
>>> count = dut.counter.value
>>>
>>> print(count.binstr)
1X1010
>>> # Resolve the value to an integer (X or Z treated as 0)
>>> print(count.integer)
42
>>> # Show number of bits in a value
>>> print(count.n_bits)
6

We can also cast the signal handle directly to an integer:

>>> print(int(dut.counter))
42

Parallel and sequential execution¶

A yield will run a function (that must be marked as a “coroutine”, see Coroutines) sequentially, i.e. wait for it to complete. If a coroutine should be run “in the background”, i.e. in parallel to other coroutines, the way to do this is to fork() it. The end of such a forked coroutine can be waited on by using join().

The following example shows these in action:

@cocotb.coroutine
def reset_dut(reset_n, duration):
    reset_n <= 0
    yield Timer(duration, units='ns')
    reset_n <= 1
    reset_n._log.debug("Reset complete")

@cocotb.test()
def parallel_example(dut):
    reset_n = dut.reset

    # This will call reset_dut sequentially
    # Execution will block until reset_dut has completed
    yield reset_dut(reset_n, 500)
    dut._log.debug("After reset")

    # Call reset_dut in parallel with the 250 ns timer
    reset_thread = cocotb.fork(reset_dut(reset_n, 500))

    yield Timer(250, units='ns')
    dut._log.debug("During reset (reset_n = %s)" % reset_n.value)

    # Wait for the other thread to complete
    yield reset_thread.join()
    dut._log.debug("After reset")

Build options and Environment Variables¶

Make System¶

Makefiles are provided for a variety of simulators in cocotb/share/makefiles/simulators. The common Makefile cocotb/share/makefiles/Makefile.sim includes the appropriate simulator Makefile based on the contents of the SIM variable.

Make Targets¶

Makefiles define two targets, regression and sim, the default target is sim.

Both rules create a results file with the name taken from COCOTB_RESULTS_FILE, defaulting to results.xml. This file is a JUnit-compatible output file suitable for use with Jenkins. The sim targets unconditionally re-runs the simulator whereas the regression target only re-builds if any dependencies have changed.

Make Phases¶

Typically the makefiles provided with cocotb for various simulators use a separate compile and run target. This allows for a rapid re-running of a simulator if none of the RTL source files have changed and therefore the simulator does not need to recompile the RTL.

Make Variables¶

GUI¶: Set this to 1 to enable the GUI mode in the simulator (if supported).

SIM¶: Selects which simulator Makefile to use. Attempts to include a simulator specific makefile from cocotb/share/makefiles/makefile.$(SIM)

WAVES¶: Set this to 1 to enable wave traces dump for the Aldec Riviera-PRO and Mentor Graphics Questa simulators. To get wave traces in Icarus Verilog see Simulator Support.

VERILOG_SOURCES¶: A list of the Verilog source files to include.

VHDL_SOURCES¶: A list of the VHDL source files to include.

VHDL_SOURCES_<lib>¶: A list of the VHDL source files to include in the VHDL library lib (currently for the GHDL simulator only).

COMPILE_ARGS¶: Any arguments or flags to pass to the compile stage of the simulation.

SIM_ARGS¶: Any arguments or flags to pass to the execution of the compiled simulation.

EXTRA_ARGS¶: Passed to both the compile and execute phases of simulators with two rules, or passed to the single compile and run command for simulators which don’t have a distinct compilation stage.

PLUSARGS¶

“Plusargs” are options that are starting with a plus (+) sign. They are passed to the simulator and are also available within cocotb as cocotb.plusargs. In the simulator, they can be read by the Verilog/SystemVerilog system functions $test$plusargs and $value$plusargs.

The special plusargs +ntb_random_seed and +seed, if present, are evaluated to set the random seed value if RANDOM_SEED is not set. If both +ntb_random_seed and +seed are set, +ntb_random_seed is used.

COCOTB_HDL_TIMEUNIT¶: The default time unit that should be assumed for simulation when not specified by modules in the design. If this isn’t specified then it is assumed to be 1ns. Allowed values are 1, 10, and 100. Allowed units are s, ms, us, ns, ps, fs.

New in version 1.3.

COCOTB_HDL_TIMEPRECISION¶: The default time precision that should be assumed for simulation when not specified by modules in the design. If this isn’t specified then it is assumed to be 1ps. Allowed values are 1, 10, and 100. Allowed units are s, ms, us, ns, ps, fs.

New in version 1.3.

CUSTOM_COMPILE_DEPS¶: Use to add additional dependencies to the compilation target; useful for defining additional rules to run pre-compilation or if the compilation phase depends on files other than the RTL sources listed in VERILOG_SOURCES or VHDL_SOURCES.

CUSTOM_SIM_DEPS¶: Use to add additional dependencies to the simulation target.

COCOTB_NVC_TRACE¶: Set this to 1 to enable display of VHPI traces when using the NVC VHDL simulator.

SIM_BUILD¶: Use to define a scratch directory for use by the simulator. The path is relative to the Makefile location. If not provided, the default scratch directory is sim_build.

Environment Variables¶

TOPLEVEL¶: Use this to indicate the instance in the hierarchy to use as the DUT. If this isn’t defined then the first root instance is used.

RANDOM_SEED¶

Seed the Python random module to recreate a previous test stimulus. At the beginning of every test a message is displayed with the seed used for that execution:

INFO     cocotb.gpi                                  __init__.py:89   in _initialise_testbench           Seeding Python random module with 1377424946

To recreate the same stimuli use the following:

make RANDOM_SEED=1377424946

Additional Environment Variables¶

COCOTB_ATTACH¶: In order to give yourself time to attach a debugger to the simulator process before it starts to run, you can set the environment variable COCOTB_ATTACH to a pause time value in seconds. If set, cocotb will print the process ID (PID) to attach to and wait the specified time before actually letting the simulator run.

COCOTB_ENABLE_PROFILING¶

Enable performance analysis of the Python portion of cocotb. When set, a file test_profile.pstat will be written which contains statistics about the cumulative time spent in the functions.

From this, a callgraph diagram can be generated with gprof2dot and graphviz. See the profile Make target in the endian_swapper example on how to set this up.

COCOTB_HOOKS¶: A comma-separated list of modules that should be executed before the first test. You can also use the cocotb.hook decorator to mark a function to be run before test code.

COCOTB_LOG_LEVEL¶: The default logging level to use. This is set to INFO unless overridden. Valid values are DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, ERROR, CRITICAL.

COCOTB_RESOLVE_X¶

Defines how to resolve bits with a value of X, Z, U or W when being converted to integer. Valid settings are:

VALUE_ERROR: raise a ValueError exception
ZEROS: resolve to 0
ONES: resolve to 1
RANDOM: randomly resolve to a 0 or a 1

Set to VALUE_ERROR by default.

COCOTB_SCHEDULER_DEBUG¶: Enable additional log output of the coroutine scheduler.

COVERAGE¶

Enable to report Python coverage data. For some simulators, this will also report HDL coverage.

This needs the coverage Python module to be installed.

MEMCHECK¶

HTTP port to use for debugging Python’s memory usage. When set to e.g. 8088, data will be presented at http://localhost:8088.

This needs the cherrypy and dowser Python modules installed.

COCOTB_PY_DIR¶: Path to the directory containing the cocotb Python package in the cocotb subdirectory. You don’t normally need to modify this.

COCOTB_SHARE_DIR¶: Path to the directory containing the cocotb Makefiles and simulator libraries in the subdirectories lib, include, and makefiles. You don’t normally need to modify this.

Coroutines¶

Testbenches built using cocotb use coroutines. While the coroutine is executing the simulation is paused. The coroutine uses the yield keyword to pass control of execution back to the simulator and simulation time can advance again.

Typically coroutines yield a Trigger object which indicates to the simulator some event which will cause the coroutine to be woken when it occurs. For example:

@cocotb.coroutine
def wait_10ns():
    cocotb.log.info("About to wait for 10 ns")
    yield Timer(10, units='ns')
    cocotb.log.info("Simulation time has advanced by 10 ns")

Coroutines may also yield other coroutines:

@cocotb.coroutine
def wait_100ns():
    for i in range(10):
        yield wait_10ns()

Coroutines can return a value, so that they can be used by other coroutines. Before Python 3.3, this requires a ReturnValue to be raised.

@cocotb.coroutine
def get_signal(clk, signal):
    yield RisingEdge(clk)
    raise ReturnValue(signal.value)

@cocotb.coroutine
def get_signal_python_33(clk, signal):
    # newer versions of Python can use return normally
    yield RisingEdge(clk)
    return signal.value

@cocotb.coroutine
def check_signal_changes(dut):
    first = yield get_signal(dut.clk, dut.signal)
    second = yield get_signal(dut.clk, dut.signal)
    if first == second:
        raise TestFailure("Signal did not change")

Coroutines may also yield a list of triggers and coroutines to indicate that execution should resume if any of them fires:

@cocotb.coroutine
def packet_with_timeout(monitor, timeout):
    """Wait for a packet but time out if nothing arrives"""
    yield [Timer(timeout, units='ns'), RisingEdge(dut.ready)]

The trigger that caused execution to resume is passed back to the coroutine, allowing them to distinguish which trigger fired:

@cocotb.coroutine
def packet_with_timeout(monitor, timeout):
    """Wait for a packet but time out if nothing arrives"""
    tout_trigger = Timer(timeout, units='ns')
    result = yield [tout_trigger, RisingEdge(dut.ready)]
    if result is tout_trigger:
        raise TestFailure("Timed out waiting for packet")

Coroutines can be forked for parallel operation within a function of that code and the forked code.

@cocotb.test()
def test_act_during_reset(dut):
    """While reset is active, toggle signals"""
    tb = uart_tb(dut)
    # "Clock" is a built in class for toggling a clock signal
    cocotb.fork(Clock(dut.clk, 1, units='ns').start())
    # reset_dut is a function -
    # part of the user-generated "uart_tb" class
    cocotb.fork(tb.reset_dut(dut.rstn, 20))

    yield Timer(10, units='ns')
    print("Reset is still active: %d" % dut.rstn)
    yield Timer(15, units='ns')
    print("Reset has gone inactive: %d" % dut.rstn)

Coroutines can be joined to end parallel operation within a function.

@cocotb.test()
def test_count_edge_cycles(dut, period=1, clocks=6):
    cocotb.fork(Clock(dut.clk, period, units='ns').start())
    yield RisingEdge(dut.clk)

    timer = Timer(period + 10)
    task = cocotb.fork(count_edges_cycles(dut.clk, clocks))
    count = 0
    expect = clocks - 1

    while True:
        result = yield [timer, task.join()]
        if count > expect:
            raise TestFailure("Task didn't complete in expected time")
        if result is timer:
            dut._log.info("Count %d: Task still running" % count)
            count += 1
        else:
            break

Coroutines can be killed before they complete, forcing their completion before they’d naturally end.

@cocotb.test()
def test_different_clocks(dut):
    clk_1mhz   = Clock(dut.clk, 1.0, units='us')
    clk_250mhz = Clock(dut.clk, 4.0, units='ns')

    clk_gen = cocotb.fork(clk_1mhz.start())
    start_time_ns = get_sim_time(units='ns')
    yield Timer(1, units='ns')
    yield RisingEdge(dut.clk)
    edge_time_ns = get_sim_time(units='ns')
    # NOTE: isclose is a Python 3.5+ feature
    if not isclose(edge_time_ns, start_time_ns + 1000.0):
        raise TestFailure("Expected a period of 1 us")

    clk_gen.kill()

    clk_gen = cocotb.fork(clk_250mhz.start())
    start_time_ns = get_sim_time(units='ns')
    yield Timer(1, units='ns')
    yield RisingEdge(dut.clk)
    edge_time_ns = get_sim_time(units='ns')
    # NOTE: isclose is a Python 3.5+ feature
    if not isclose(edge_time_ns, start_time_ns + 4.0):
        raise TestFailure("Expected a period of 4 ns")

Async functions¶

Python 3.5 introduces async functions, which provide an alternative syntax. For example:

@cocotb.coroutine
async def wait_10ns():
    cocotb.log.info("About to wait for 10 ns")
    await Timer(10, units='ns')
    cocotb.log.info("Simulation time has advanced by 10 ns")

To wait on a trigger or a nested coroutine, these use await instead of yield. Provided they are decorated with @cocotb.coroutine, async def functions using await and regular functions using yield can be used interchangeable - the appropriate keyword to use is determined by which type of function it appears in, not by the sub-coroutine being called.

Note

It is not legal to await a list of triggers as can be done in yield-based coroutine with yield [trig1, trig2]. Use await First(trig1, trig2) instead.

Async generators¶

In Python 3.6, a yield statement within an async function has a new meaning (rather than being a SyntaxError) which matches the typical meaning of yield within regular Python code. It can be used to create a special type of generator function that can be iterated with async for:

async def ten_samples_of(clk, signal):
    for i in range(10):
        await RisingEdge(clk)
        yield signal.value  # this means "send back to the for loop"

@cocotb.test()
async def test_samples_are_even(dut):
    async for sample in ten_samples_of(dut.clk, dut.signal):
        assert sample % 2 == 0

More details on this type of generator can be found in PEP 525.

Triggers¶

Triggers are used to indicate when the cocotb scheduler should resume coroutine execution. To use a trigger, a coroutine should await or yield it. This will cause execution of the current coroutine to pause. When the trigger fires, execution of the paused coroutine will resume:

@cocotb.coroutine
def coro():
    print("Some time before the edge")
    yield RisingEdge(clk)
    print("Immediately after the edge")

Or using the syntax in Python 3.5 onwards:

@cocotb.coroutine
async def coro():
    print("Some time before the edge")
    await RisingEdge(clk)
    print("Immediately after the edge")

Simulator Triggers¶

Signals¶

class cocotb.triggers.Edge(signal)[source]¶: Fires on any value change of signal.

class cocotb.triggers.RisingEdge(signal)[source]¶: Fires on the rising edge of signal, on a transition from 0 to 1.

class cocotb.triggers.FallingEdge(signal)[source]¶: Fires on the falling edge of signal, on a transition from 1 to 0.

class cocotb.triggers.ClockCycles(signal, num_cycles, rising=True)[source]¶

Fires after num_cycles transitions of signal from 0 to 1.

Parameters

signal – The signal to monitor.
num_cycles (int) – The number of cycles to count.
rising (bool, optional) – If True, the default, count rising edges. Otherwise, count falling edges.

Timing¶

class cocotb.triggers.Timer(time_ps, units=None)[source]¶

Fires after the specified simulation time period has elapsed.

Parameters

time_ps (numbers.Real or decimal.Decimal) – The time value. Note that despite the name this is not actually in picoseconds but depends on the units argument.
units (str or None, optional) – One of None, 'fs', 'ps', 'ns', 'us', 'ms', 'sec'. When no units is given (None) the timestep is determined by the simulator.

Examples

>>> yield Timer(100, units='ps')

The time can also be a float:

>>> yield Timer(100e-9, units='sec')

which is particularly convenient when working with frequencies:

>>> freq = 10e6  # 10 MHz
>>> yield Timer(1 / freq, units='sec')

Other builtin exact numeric types can be used too:

>>> from fractions import Fraction
>>> yield Timer(Fraction(1, 10), units='ns')

>>> from decimal import Decimal
>>> yield Timer(Decimal('100e-9'), units='sec')

These are most useful when using computed durations while avoiding floating point inaccuracies.

Python Triggers¶

class cocotb.triggers.Combine(*triggers)[source]¶

Fires when all of triggers have fired.

Like most triggers, this simply returns itself.

class cocotb.triggers.First(*triggers)[source]¶

Fires when the first trigger in triggers fires.

Returns the result of the trigger that fired.

As a shorthand, t = yield [a, b] can be used instead of t = yield First(a, b). Note that this shorthand is not available when using await.

Note

The event loop is single threaded, so while events may be simultaneous in simulation time, they can never be simultaneous in real time. For this reason, the value of t_ret is t1 in the following example is implementation-defined, and will vary by simulator:

t1 = Timer(10, units='ps')
t2 = Timer(10, units='ps')
t_ret = yield First(t1, t2)

class cocotb.triggers.Join(coroutine)[source]¶

Fires when a fork()ed coroutine completes.

The result of blocking on the trigger can be used to get the coroutine result:

@cocotb.coroutine()
def coro_inner():
    yield Timer(1, units='ns')
    raise ReturnValue("Hello world")

task = cocotb.fork(coro_inner())
result = yield Join(task)
assert result == "Hello world"

Or using the syntax in Python 3.5 onwards:

@cocotb.coroutine()
async def coro_inner():
    await Timer(1, units='ns')
    return "Hello world"

task = cocotb.fork(coro_inner())
result = await Join(task)
assert result == "Hello world"

If the coroutine threw an exception, the await or yield will re-raise it.

property retval¶

The return value of the joined coroutine.

Note

Typically there is no need to use this attribute - the following code samples are equivalent:

forked = cocotb.fork(mycoro())
j = Join(forked)
yield j
result = j.retval

forked = cocotb.fork(mycoro())
result = yield Join(forked)

Synchronization¶

These are not Triggers themselves, but contain methods that can be used as triggers. These are used to synchronize coroutines with each other.

class cocotb.triggers.Event(name='')[source]¶

Event to permit synchronization between two coroutines.

Yielding wait() from one coroutine will block the coroutine until set() is called somewhere else.

set(data=None)[source]¶: Wake up all coroutines blocked on this event.

wait()[source]¶

Get a trigger which fires when another coroutine sets the event.

If the event has already been set, the trigger will fire immediately.

To reset the event (and enable the use of wait again), clear() should be called.

clear()[source]¶

Clear this event that has fired.

Subsequent calls to wait() will block until set() is called again.

class cocotb.triggers.Lock(name='')[source]¶

Lock primitive (not re-entrant).

This should be used as:

yield lock.acquire()
try:
    # do some stuff
finally:
    lock.release()

locked = None¶: True if the lock is held.

acquire()[source]¶: Produce a trigger which fires when the lock is acquired.

release()[source]¶: Release the lock.

cocotb.triggers.with_timeout()[source]¶

Waits on triggers, throws an exception if it waits longer than the given time.

Usage:

yield with_timeout(coro, 100, 'ns')
yield with_timeout(First(coro, event.wait()), 100, 'ns')

Parameters

trigger (cocotb_waitable) – A single object that could be right of a yield (or await in Python 3) expression in cocotb.
timeout_time (numbers.Real or decimal.Decimal) – Time duration.
timeout_unit (str or None, optional) – Units of duration, accepts any values that Timer does.

Returns

First trigger that completed if timeout did not occur.

Raises

SimTimeoutError – If timeout occurs.

New in version 1.3.

Testbench Tools¶

Logging¶

Cocotb extends the Python logging library. Each DUT, monitor, driver, and scoreboard (as well as any other function using the coroutine decorator) implements its own logging object, and each can be set to its own logging level. Within a DUT, each hierarchical object can also have individual logging levels set.

When logging HDL objects, beware that _log is the preferred way to use logging. This helps minimize the change of name collisions with an HDL log component with the Python logging functionality.

Log printing levels can also be set on a per-object basis.

class EndianSwapperTB(object):

    def __init__(self, dut, debug=False):
        self.dut = dut
        self.stream_in = AvalonSTDriver(dut, "stream_in", dut.clk)
        self.stream_in_recovered = AvalonSTMonitor(dut, "stream_in", dut.clk,
                                                   callback=self.model)

        # Set verbosity on our various interfaces
        level = logging.DEBUG if debug else logging.WARNING
        self.stream_in.log.setLevel(level)
        self.stream_in_recovered.log.setLevel(level)
        self.dut.reset_n._log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

And when the logging is actually called

class AvalonSTPkts(BusMonitor):
...
    @coroutine
    def _monitor_recv(self):
        ...
        self.log.info("Received a packet of %d bytes" % len(pkt))

class Scoreboard(object):
    ...
    def add_interface(self):
        ...
        self.log.info("Created with reorder_depth %d" % reorder_depth)

class EndianSwapTB(object):
    ...
    @cocotb.coroutine
    def reset():
        self.dut._log.debug("Resetting DUT")

will display as something like

0.00ns INFO                   cocotb.scoreboard.endian_swapper_sv       scoreboard.py:177  in add_interface                   Created with reorder_depth 0
0.00ns DEBUG                  cocotb.endian_swapper_sv           .._endian_swapper.py:106  in reset                           Resetting DUT
160000000000000.00ns INFO     cocotb.endian_swapper_sv.stream_out           avalon.py:151  in _monitor_recv                   Received a packet of 125 bytes

Buses¶

Buses are simply defined as collection of signals. The Bus class will automatically bundle any group of signals together that are named similar to dut.<bus_name><separator><signal_name>. For instance,

dut.stream_in_valid
dut.stream_in_data

have a bus name of stream_in, a separator of _, and signal names of valid and data. A list of signal names, or a dictionary mapping attribute names to signal names is also passed into the Bus class. Buses can have values driven onto them, be captured (returning a dictionary), or sampled and stored into a similar object.

stream_in_bus = Bus(dut, "stream_in", ["valid", "data"]) # '_' is the default separator

Driving Buses¶

Examples and specific bus implementation bus drivers (AMBA, Avalon, XGMII, and others) exist in the Driver class enabling a test to append transactions to perform the serialization of transactions onto a physical interface. Here is an example using the Avalon bus driver in the endian_swapper example:

class EndianSwapperTB(object):

    def __init__(self, dut, debug=False):
        self.dut = dut
        self.stream_in = AvalonSTDriver(dut, "stream_in", dut.clk)

def run_test(dut, data_in=None, config_coroutine=None, idle_inserter=None,
             backpressure_inserter=None):

    cocotb.fork(Clock(dut.clk, 5000).start())
    tb = EndianSwapperTB(dut)

    yield tb.reset()
    dut.stream_out_ready <= 1

    if idle_inserter is not None:
        tb.stream_in.set_valid_generator(idle_inserter())

    # Send in the packets
    for transaction in data_in():
        yield tb.stream_in.send(transaction)

Monitoring Buses¶

For our testbenches to actually be useful, we have to monitor some of these buses, and not just drive them. That’s where the Monitor class comes in, with pre-built monitors for Avalon and XGMII buses. The Monitor class is a base class which you are expected to derive for your particular purpose. You must create a _monitor_recv() function which is responsible for determining 1) at what points in simulation to call the _recv() function, and 2) what transaction values to pass to be stored in the monitors receiving queue. Monitors are good for both outputs of the DUT for verification, and for the inputs of the DUT, to drive a test model of the DUT to be compared to the actual DUT. For this purpose, input monitors will often have a callback function passed that is a model. This model will often generate expected transactions, which are then compared using the Scoreboard class.

# ==============================================================================
class BitMonitor(Monitor):
    """Observes single input or output of DUT."""
    def __init__(self, name, signal, clock, callback=None, event=None):
        self.name = name
        self.signal = signal
        self.clock = clock
        Monitor.__init__(self, callback, event)

    @coroutine
    def _monitor_recv(self):
        clkedge = RisingEdge(self.clock)

        while True:
            # Capture signal at rising edge of clock
            yield clkedge
            vec = self.signal.value
            self._recv(vec)

# ==============================================================================
def input_gen():
    """Generator for input data applied by BitDriver"""
    while True:
        yield random.randint(1,5), random.randint(1,5)

# ==============================================================================
class DFF_TB(object):
    def __init__(self, dut, init_val):

        self.dut = dut

        # Create input driver and output monitor
        self.input_drv = BitDriver(dut.d, dut.c, input_gen())
        self.output_mon = BitMonitor("output", dut.q, dut.c)

        # Create a scoreboard on the outputs
        self.expected_output = [ init_val ]

        # Reconstruct the input transactions from the pins
        # and send them to our 'model'
        self.input_mon = BitMonitor("input", dut.d, dut.c, callback=self.model)

    def model(self, transaction):
        """Model the DUT based on the input transaction."""
        # Do not append an output transaction for the last clock cycle of the
        # simulation, that is, after stop() has been called.
        if not self.stopped:
            self.expected_output.append(transaction)

Tracking testbench errors¶

The Scoreboard class is used to compare the actual outputs to expected outputs. Monitors are added to the scoreboard for the actual outputs, and the expected outputs can be either a simple list, or a function that provides a transaction. Here is some code from the dff example, similar to above with the scoreboard added.

class DFF_TB(object):
    def __init__(self, dut, init_val):
        self.dut = dut

        # Create input driver and output monitor
        self.input_drv = BitDriver(dut.d, dut.c, input_gen())
        self.output_mon = BitMonitor("output", dut.q, dut.c)

        # Create a scoreboard on the outputs
        self.expected_output = [ init_val ]
        self.scoreboard = Scoreboard(dut)
        self.scoreboard.add_interface(self.output_mon, self.expected_output)

        # Reconstruct the input transactions from the pins
        # and send them to our 'model'
        self.input_mon = BitMonitor("input", dut.d, dut.c,callback=self.model)

Library Reference¶

Test Results¶

The exceptions in this module can be raised at any point by any code and will terminate the test.

cocotb.result.raise_error(obj, msg)[source]¶

Create a TestError exception and raise it after printing a traceback.

Deprecated since version 1.3: Use raise TestError(msg) instead of this function. A stacktrace will be printed by cocotb automatically if the exception is unhandled.

Parameters

obj – Object with a log method.
msg (str) – The log message.

cocotb.result.create_error(obj, msg)[source]¶

Like raise_error(), but return the exception rather than raise it, simply to avoid too many levels of nested try/except blocks.

Deprecated since version 1.3: Use TestError(msg) directly instead of this function.

Parameters

obj – Object with a log method.
msg (str) – The log message.

exception cocotb.result.ReturnValue(retval)[source]¶: Helper exception needed for Python versions prior to 3.3.

exception cocotb.result.TestComplete(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶: Exception showing that the test was completed. Sub-exceptions detail the exit status.

exception cocotb.result.ExternalException(exception)[source]¶: Exception thrown by cocotb.external functions.

exception cocotb.result.TestError(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶: Exception showing that the test was completed with severity Error.

exception cocotb.result.TestFailure(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶: Exception showing that the test was completed with severity Failure.

exception cocotb.result.TestSuccess(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶: Exception showing that the test was completed successfully.

exception cocotb.result.SimFailure(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶: Exception showing that the simulator exited unsuccessfully.

exception cocotb.result.SimTimeoutError[source]¶: Exception for when a timeout, in terms of simulation time, occurs.

Writing and Generating tests¶

class cocotb.test(f, timeout_time=None, timeout_unit=None, expect_fail=False, expect_error=False, skip=False, stage=None)[source]¶

Decorator to mark a function as a test.

All tests are coroutines. The test decorator provides some common reporting etc., a test timeout and allows us to mark tests as expected failures.

Used as @cocotb.test(...).

Parameters

timeout_time (int, optional) –
Value representing simulation timeout.

New in version 1.3.
timeout_unit (str, optional) –
Unit of timeout value, see Timer for more info.

New in version 1.3.
expect_fail (bool, optional) – Don’t mark the result as a failure if the test fails.
expect_error (bool or exception type or tuple of exception types, optional) –
If True, consider this test passing if it raises any Exception, and failing if it does not. If given an exception type or tuple of exception types, catching only a listed exception type is considered passing. This is primarily for cocotb internal regression use for when a simulator error is expected.

Users are encouraged to use the following idiom instead:
```
@cocotb.test()
def my_test(dut):
    try:
        yield thing_that_should_fail()
    except ExceptionIExpect:
        pass
    else:
        assert False, "Exception did not occur"
```
Changed in version 1.3: Specific exception types can be expected
skip (bool, optional) – Don’t execute this test as part of the regression.
stage (int, optional) – Order tests logically into stages, where multiple tests can share a stage.

class cocotb.coroutine(func)[source]¶

Decorator class that allows us to provide common coroutine mechanisms:

log methods will log to cocotb.coroutine.name.

join() method returns an event which will fire when the coroutine exits.

Used as @cocotb.coroutine.

class cocotb.external(func)[source]¶

Decorator to apply to an external function to enable calling from cocotb.

This turns a normal function that isn’t a coroutine into a blocking coroutine. Currently, this creates a new execution thread for each function that is called. Scope for this to be streamlined to a queue in future.

class cocotb.function(func)[source]¶

Decorator class that allows a function to block.

This allows a coroutine that consumes simulation time to be called by a thread started with cocotb.external; in other words, to internally block while externally appear to yield.

class cocotb.hook(f)[source]¶

Decorator to mark a function as a hook for cocotb.

Used as @cocotb.hook().

All hooks are run at the beginning of a cocotb test suite, prior to any test code being run.

class cocotb.regression.TestFactory(test_function, *args, **kwargs)[source]¶

Factory to automatically generate tests.

Parameters

test_function – The function that executes a test. Must take dut as the first argument.
*args – Remaining arguments are passed directly to the test function. Note that these arguments are not varied. An argument that varies with each test must be a keyword argument to the test function.
**kwargs – Remaining keyword arguments are passed directly to the test function. Note that these arguments are not varied. An argument that varies with each test must be a keyword argument to the test function.

Assuming we have a common test function that will run a test. This test function will take keyword arguments (for example generators for each of the input interfaces) and generate tests that call the supplied function.

This Factory allows us to generate sets of tests based on the different permutations of the possible arguments to the test function.

For example if we have a module that takes backpressure and idles and have some packet generation routines gen_a and gen_b:

>>> tf = TestFactory(test_function=run_test)
>>> tf.add_option(name='data_in', optionlist=[gen_a, gen_b])
>>> tf.add_option('backpressure', [None, random_backpressure])
>>> tf.add_option('idles', [None, random_idles])
>>> tf.generate_tests()

We would get the following tests:

gen_a with no backpressure and no idles

gen_a with no backpressure and random_idles

gen_a with random_backpressure and no idles

gen_a with random_backpressure and random_idles

gen_b with no backpressure and no idles

gen_b with no backpressure and random_idles

gen_b with random_backpressure and no idles

gen_b with random_backpressure and random_idles

The tests are appended to the calling module for auto-discovery.

Tests are simply named test_function_N. The docstring for the test (hence the test description) includes the name and description of each generator.

add_option(name, optionlist)[source]¶

Add a named option to the test.

Parameters

name (str) – Name of the option. Passed to test as a keyword argument.
optionlist (list) – A list of possible options for this test knob.

generate_tests(prefix='', postfix='')[source]¶

Generate an exhaustive set of tests using the cartesian product of the possible keyword arguments.

The generated tests are appended to the namespace of the calling module.

Parameters

prefix (str) – Text string to append to start of test_function name when naming generated test cases. This allows reuse of a single test_function with multiple TestFactories without name clashes.
postfix (str) – Text string to append to end of test_function name when naming generated test cases. This allows reuse of a single test_function with multiple TestFactories without name clashes.

Interacting with the Simulator¶

class cocotb.binary.BinaryRepresentation[source]¶

UNSIGNED = 0¶: Unsigned format

SIGNED_MAGNITUDE = 1¶: Sign and magnitude format

TWOS_COMPLEMENT = 2¶: Two’s complement format

class cocotb.binary.BinaryValue(value=None, n_bits=None, bigEndian=True, binaryRepresentation=0, bits=None)[source]¶

Representation of values in binary format.

The underlying value can be set or accessed using these aliasing attributes:

BinaryValue.integer is an integer

BinaryValue.signed_integer is a signed integer

BinaryValue.binstr is a string of 01xXzZ

BinaryValue.buff is a binary buffer of bytes

BinaryValue.value is an integer deprecated

For example:

>>> vec = BinaryValue()
>>> vec.integer = 42
>>> print(vec.binstr)
101010
>>> print(repr(vec.buff))
'*'

Parameters

value (str or int or long, optional) – Value to assign to the bus.
n_bits (int, optional) – Number of bits to use for the underlying binary representation.
bigEndian (bool, optional) – Interpret the binary as big-endian when converting to/from a string buffer.
binaryRepresentation (BinaryRepresentation) – The representation of the binary value (one of UNSIGNED, SIGNED_MAGNITUDE, TWOS_COMPLEMENT). Defaults to unsigned representation.
bits (int, optional) – Deprecated: Compatibility wrapper for n_bits.

assign(value)[source]¶

Decides how best to assign the value to the vector.

We possibly try to be a bit too clever here by first of all trying to assign the raw string as a BinaryValue.binstr, however if the string contains any characters that aren’t 0, 1, X or Z then we interpret the string as a binary buffer.

Parameters: value (str or int or long) – The value to assign.

get_value()[source]¶: Return the integer representation of the underlying vector.

get_value_signed()[source]¶: Return the signed integer representation of the underlying vector.

property is_resolvable¶: Does the value contain any X’s? Inquiring minds want to know.

property value¶: Integer access to the value. deprecated

property integer¶: The integer representation of the underlying vector.

property signed_integer¶: The signed integer representation of the underlying vector.

get_buff()[source]¶

Attribute buff represents the value as a binary string buffer.

>>> "0100000100101111".buff == "A/"
True

property buff¶: Access to the value as a buffer.

get_binstr()[source]¶: Attribute binstr is the binary representation stored as a string of 1 and 0.

property binstr¶: Access to the binary string.

property n_bits¶: Access to the number of bits of the binary value.

class cocotb.bus.Bus(entity, name, signals, optional_signals=[], bus_separator='_', array_idx=None)[source]¶

Wraps up a collection of signals.

Assumes we have a set of signals/nets named entity.<bus_name><separator><signal>.

For example a bus stream_in with signals valid and data is assumed to be named dut.stream_in_valid and dut.stream_in_data (with the default separator ‘_’).

Todo

Support for struct/record ports where signals are member names.

Parameters

entity (SimHandle) – SimHandle instance to the entity containing the bus.
name (str) – Name of the bus. None for a nameless bus, e.g. bus-signals in an interface or a modport (untested on struct/record, but could work here as well).
signals (list or dict) – In the case of an object (passed to drive()/capture()) that has the same attribute names as the signal names of the bus, the signals argument can be a list of those names. When the object has different attribute names, the signals argument should be a dict that maps bus attribute names to object signal names.
optional_signals (list or dict, optional) – Signals that don’t have to be present on the interface. See the signals argument above for details.
bus_separator (str, optional) – Character(s) to use as separator between bus name and signal name. Defaults to ‘_’.
array_idx (int or None, optional) – Optional index when signal is an array.

drive(obj, strict=False)[source]¶

Drives values onto the bus.

Parameters

obj – Object with attribute names that match the bus signals.
strict (bool, optional) – Check that all signals are being assigned.

Raises

AttributeError – If not all signals have been assigned when strict=True.

capture()[source]¶

Capture the values from the bus, returning an object representing the capture.

Returns: A dictionary that supports access by attribute, where each attribute corresponds to each signal’s value.
Return type: dict
Raises: RuntimeError – If signal not present in bus, or attempt to modify a bus capture.

sample(obj, strict=False)[source]¶

Sample the values from the bus, assigning them to obj.

Parameters

obj – Object with attribute names that match the bus signals.
strict (bool, optional) – Check that all signals being sampled are present in obj.

Raises

AttributeError – If attribute is missing in obj when strict=True.

class cocotb.clock.Clock(signal, period, units=None)[source]¶

Simple 50:50 duty cycle clock driver.

Instances of this class should call its start() method and fork() the result. This will create a clocking thread that drives the signal at the desired period/frequency.

Example:

c = Clock(dut.clk, 10, 'ns')
cocotb.fork(c.start())

Parameters

signal – The clock pin/signal to be driven.
period (int) – The clock period. Must convert to an even number of timesteps.
units (str, optional) – One of None, 'fs', 'ps', 'ns', 'us', 'ms', 'sec'. When no units is given (None) the timestep is determined by the simulator.

If you need more features like a phase shift and an asymmetric duty cycle, it is simple to create your own clock generator (that you then fork()):

@cocotb.coroutine
def custom_clock():
    # pre-construct triggers for performance
    high_time = Timer(high_delay, units="ns")
    low_time = Timer(low_delay, units="ns")
    yield Timer(initial_delay, units="ns")
    while True:
        dut.clk <= 1
        yield high_time
        dut.clk <= 0
        yield low_time

If you also want to change the timing during simulation, use this slightly more inefficient example instead where the Timers inside the while loop are created with current delay values:

@cocotb.coroutine
def custom_clock():
    while True:
        dut.clk <= 1
        yield Timer(high_delay, units="ns")
        dut.clk <= 0
        yield Timer(low_delay, units="ns")

high_delay = low_delay = 100
cocotb.fork(custom_clock())
yield Timer(1000, units="ns")
high_delay = low_delay = 10  # change the clock speed
yield Timer(1000, units="ns")

cocotb.fork(coroutine)¶

Add a new coroutine.

Just a wrapper around self.schedule which provides some debug and useful error messages in the event of common gotchas.

cocotb.decorators.RunningCoroutine.join(self)¶: Return a trigger that will fire when the wrapped coroutine exits.

cocotb.decorators.RunningCoroutine.kill(self)¶: Kill a coroutine.

Triggers¶

See Simulator Triggers for a list of sub-classes. Below are the internal classes used within cocotb.

class cocotb.triggers.Trigger[source]¶

Base class to derive from.

abstract prime(callback)[source]¶

Set a callback to be invoked when the trigger fires.

The callback will be invoked with a single argument, self.

Sub-classes must override this, but should end by calling the base class method.

Do not call this directly within coroutines, it is intended to be used only by the scheduler.

unprime()[source]¶

Remove the callback, and perform cleanup if necessary.

After being un-primed, a Trigger may be re-primed again in the future. Calling unprime multiple times is allowed, subsequent calls should be a no-op.

Sub-classes may override this, but should end by calling the base class method.

Do not call this directly within coroutines, it is intended to be used only by the scheduler.

class cocotb.triggers.GPITrigger[source]¶

Base Trigger class for GPI triggers.

Consumes simulation time.

unprime()[source]¶: Disable a primed trigger, can be re-primed.

class cocotb.triggers.Waitable[source]¶

Compatibility layer that emulates collections.abc.Awaitable.

This converts a _wait abstract method into a suitable __await__ on supporting Python versions (>=3.3).

_wait[source]¶

Should be implemented by the sub-class. Called by yield self to convert the waitable object into a coroutine.

ReturnValue can be used here.

Testbench Structure¶

Driver¶

class cocotb.drivers.Driver[source]¶

Class defining the standard interface for a driver within a testbench.

The driver is responsible for serializing transactions onto the physical pins of the interface. This may consume simulation time.

Constructor for a driver instance.

kill()[source]¶: Kill the coroutine sending stuff.

append(transaction, callback=None, event=None, **kwargs)[source]¶

Queue up a transaction to be sent over the bus.

Mechanisms are provided to permit the caller to know when the transaction is processed.

Parameters

transaction (any) – The transaction to be sent.
callback (callable, optional) – Optional function to be called when the transaction has been sent.
event (optional) – Event to be set when the transaction has been sent.
**kwargs – Any additional arguments used in child class’ _driver_send method.

clear()[source]¶: Clear any queued transactions without sending them onto the bus.

send[source]¶

Blocking send call (hence must be “yielded” rather than called).

Sends the transaction over the bus.

Parameters

transaction (any) – The transaction to be sent.
sync (bool, optional) – Synchronize the transfer by waiting for a rising edge.
**kwargs (dict) – Additional arguments used in child class’ _driver_send method.

_driver_send(transaction, sync=True, **kwargs)[source]¶

Actual implementation of the send.

Sub-classes should override this method to implement the actual send() routine.

Parameters

transaction (any) – The transaction to be sent.
sync (bool, optional) – Synchronize the transfer by waiting for a rising edge.
**kwargs – Additional arguments if required for protocol implemented in a sub-class.

_send[source]¶

Send coroutine.

Parameters

transaction (any) – The transaction to be sent.
callback (callable, optional) – Optional function to be called when the transaction has been sent.
event (optional) – event to be set when the transaction has been sent.
sync (bool, optional) – Synchronize the transfer by waiting for a rising edge.
**kwargs – Any additional arguments used in child class’ _driver_send method.

class cocotb.drivers.BitDriver(signal, clk, generator=None)[source]¶

Bases: object

Drives a signal onto a single bit.

Useful for exercising ready/valid flags.

start(generator=None)[source]¶

Start generating data.

Parameters

generator (generator, optional) –

Generator yielding data. The generator should yield tuples (on, off) with the number of cycles to be on, followed by the number of cycles to be off. Typically the generator should go on forever.

Example:

bit_driver.start((1, i % 5) for i in itertools.count())

stop()[source]¶: Stop generating data.

class cocotb.drivers.BusDriver(entity, name, clock, **kwargs)[source]¶

Bases: cocotb.drivers.Driver

Wrapper around common functionality for buses which have:

a list of _signals (class attribute)

a list of _optional_signals (class attribute)

a clock

a name

an entity

Parameters

entity (SimHandle) – A handle to the simulator entity.
name (str or None) – Name of this bus. None for a nameless bus, e.g. bus-signals in an interface or a modport. (untested on struct/record, but could work here as well).
clock (SimHandle) – A handle to the clock associated with this bus.
**kwargs (dict) – Keyword arguments forwarded to cocotb.Bus, see docs for that class for more information.

Constructor for a driver instance.

_driver_send[source]¶

Implementation for BusDriver.

Parameters

transaction – The transaction to send.
sync (bool, optional) – Synchronize the transfer by waiting for a rising edge.

_wait_for_signal[source]¶: This method will return when the specified signal has hit logic 1. The state will be in the ReadOnly phase so sim will need to move to NextTimeStep before registering more callbacks can occur.

_wait_for_nsignal[source]¶: This method will return when the specified signal has hit logic 0. The state will be in the ReadOnly phase so sim will need to move to NextTimeStep before registering more callbacks can occur.

class cocotb.drivers.ValidatedBusDriver(entity, name, clock, **kwargs)[source]¶

Bases: cocotb.drivers.BusDriver

Same as a BusDriver except we support an optional generator to control which cycles are valid.

Parameters

entity (SimHandle) – A handle to the simulator entity.
name (str) – Name of this bus.
clock (SimHandle) – A handle to the clock associated with this bus.
valid_generator (generator, optional) – a generator that yields tuples of (valid, invalid) cycles to insert.

Constructor for a driver instance.

_next_valids()[source]¶

Optionally insert invalid cycles every N cycles.

The generator should yield tuples with the number of cycles to be on followed by the number of cycles to be off. The on cycles should be non-zero, we skip invalid generator entries.

set_valid_generator(valid_generator=None)[source]¶: Set a new valid generator for this bus.

Monitor¶

class cocotb.monitors.Monitor(callback=None, event=None)[source]¶

Base class for Monitor objects.

Monitors are passive ‘listening’ objects that monitor pins going in or out of a DUT. This class should not be used directly, but should be sub-classed and the internal _monitor_recv method should be overridden and decorated as a coroutine. This _monitor_recv method should capture some behavior of the pins, form a transaction, and pass this transaction to the internal _recv method. The _monitor_recv method is added to the cocotb scheduler during the __init__ phase, so it should not be yielded anywhere.

The primary use of a Monitor is as an interface for a Scoreboard.

Parameters

callback (callable) – Callback to be called with each recovered transaction as the argument. If the callback isn’t used, received transactions will be placed on a queue and the event used to notify any consumers.
event (cocotb.triggers.Event) – Event that will be called when a transaction is received through the internal _recv method. Event.data is set to the received transaction.

wait_for_recv(timeout=None)[source]¶

With timeout, wait() for transaction to arrive on monitor and return its data.

Parameters: timeout – The timeout value for Timer. Defaults to None.
Returns: Data of received transaction.

_monitor_recv[source]¶

Actual implementation of the receiver.

Sub-classes should override this method to implement the actual receive routine and call _recv with the recovered transaction.

_recv(transaction)[source]¶: Common handling of a received transaction.

class cocotb.monitors.BusMonitor(entity, name, clock, reset=None, reset_n=None, callback=None, event=None, bus_separator='_', array_idx=None)[source]¶

Bases: cocotb.monitors.Monitor

Wrapper providing common functionality for monitoring buses.

property in_reset¶: Boolean flag showing whether the bus is in reset state or not.

Scoreboard¶

Common scoreboarding capability.

class cocotb.scoreboard.Scoreboard(dut, reorder_depth=0, fail_immediately=True)[source]¶

Bases: object

Generic scoreboarding class.

We can add interfaces by providing a monitor and an expected output queue.

The expected output can either be a function which provides a transaction or a simple list containing the expected output.

Todo

Statistics for end-of-test summary etc.

Parameters

dut (SimHandle) – Handle to the DUT.
reorder_depth (int, optional) – Consider up to reorder_depth elements of the expected result list as passing matches. Default is 0, meaning only the first element in the expected result list is considered for a passing match.
fail_immediately (bool, optional) – Raise TestFailure immediately when something is wrong instead of just recording an error. Default is True.

property result¶

Determine the test result, do we have any pending data remaining?

Returns: If not all expected output was received or error were recorded during the test.
Return type: TestFailure

compare(got, exp, log, strict_type=True)[source]¶

Common function for comparing two transactions.

Can be re-implemented by a sub-class.

Parameters

got – The received transaction.
exp – The expected transaction.
log – The logger for reporting messages.
strict_type (bool, optional) – Require transaction type to match exactly if True, otherwise compare its string representation.

Raises

TestFailure – If received transaction differed from expected transaction when fail_immediately is True. If strict_type is True, also the transaction type must match.

add_interface(monitor, expected_output, compare_fn=None, reorder_depth=0, strict_type=True)[source]¶

Add an interface to be scoreboarded.

Provides a function which the monitor will callback with received transactions.

Simply check against the expected output.

Parameters

monitor – The monitor object.
expected_output – Queue of expected outputs.
compare_fn (callable, optional) – Function doing the actual comparison.
reorder_depth (int, optional) – Consider up to reorder_depth elements of the expected result list as passing matches. Default is 0, meaning only the first element in the expected result list is considered for a passing match.
strict_type (bool, optional) – Require transaction type to match exactly if True, otherwise compare its string representation.

Raises

TypeError – If no monitor is on the interface or compare_fn is not a callable function.

Clock¶

class cocotb.clock.Clock(signal, period, units=None)[source]

Simple 50:50 duty cycle clock driver.

Instances of this class should call its start() method and fork() the result. This will create a clocking thread that drives the signal at the desired period/frequency.

Example:

c = Clock(dut.clk, 10, 'ns')
cocotb.fork(c.start())

Parameters

signal – The clock pin/signal to be driven.
period (int) – The clock period. Must convert to an even number of timesteps.
units (str, optional) – One of None, 'fs', 'ps', 'ns', 'us', 'ms', 'sec'. When no units is given (None) the timestep is determined by the simulator.

If you need more features like a phase shift and an asymmetric duty cycle, it is simple to create your own clock generator (that you then fork()):

@cocotb.coroutine
def custom_clock():
    # pre-construct triggers for performance
    high_time = Timer(high_delay, units="ns")
    low_time = Timer(low_delay, units="ns")
    yield Timer(initial_delay, units="ns")
    while True:
        dut.clk <= 1
        yield high_time
        dut.clk <= 0
        yield low_time

If you also want to change the timing during simulation, use this slightly more inefficient example instead where the Timers inside the while loop are created with current delay values:

@cocotb.coroutine
def custom_clock():
    while True:
        dut.clk <= 1
        yield Timer(high_delay, units="ns")
        dut.clk <= 0
        yield Timer(low_delay, units="ns")

high_delay = low_delay = 100
cocotb.fork(custom_clock())
yield Timer(1000, units="ns")
high_delay = low_delay = 10  # change the clock speed
yield Timer(1000, units="ns")

start[source]¶

Clocking coroutine. Start driving your clock by fork()ing a call to this.

Parameters

cycles (int, optional) – Cycle the clock cycles number of times, or if None then cycle the clock forever. Note: 0 is not the same as None, as 0 will cycle no times.
start_high (bool, optional) –
Whether to start the clock with a 1 for the first half of the period. Default is True.

New in version 1.3.

Utilities¶

cocotb.plusargs = {}¶: A dictionary of “plusargs” handed to the simulation.

cocotb.utils.get_sim_time(units=None)[source]¶

Retrieves the simulation time from the simulator.

Parameters: units (str or None, optional) – String specifying the units of the result (one of None, 'fs', 'ps', 'ns', 'us', 'ms', 'sec'). None will return the raw simulation time.
Returns: The simulation time in the specified units.

cocotb.utils.get_time_from_sim_steps(steps, units)[source]¶

Calculates simulation time in the specified units from the steps based on the simulator precision.

Parameters

steps (int) – Number of simulation steps.
units (str) – String specifying the units of the result (one of 'fs', 'ps', 'ns', 'us', 'ms', 'sec').

Returns

The simulation time in the specified units.

cocotb.utils.get_sim_steps(time, units=None)[source]¶

Calculates the number of simulation time steps for a given amount of time.

Parameters

time (numbers.Real or decimal.Decimal) – The value to convert to simulation time steps.
units (str or None, optional) – String specifying the units of the result (one of None, 'fs', 'ps', 'ns', 'us', 'ms', 'sec'). None means time is already in simulation time steps.

Returns

The number of simulation time steps.

Return type

int

Raises

ValueError – If given time cannot be represented by simulator precision.

cocotb.utils.pack(ctypes_obj)[source]¶

Convert a ctypes structure into a Python string.

Parameters: ctypes_obj (ctypes.Structure) – The ctypes structure to convert to a string.
Returns: New Python string containing the bytes from memory holding ctypes_obj.

cocotb.utils.unpack(ctypes_obj, string, bytes=None)[source]¶

Unpack a Python string into a ctypes structure.

If the length of string is not the correct size for the memory footprint of the ctypes structure then the bytes keyword argument must be used.

Parameters

ctypes_obj (ctypes.Structure) – The ctypes structure to pack into.
string (str) – String to copy over the ctypes_obj memory space.
bytes (int, optional) – Number of bytes to copy. Defaults to None, meaning the length of string is used.

Raises

ValueError – If length of string and size of ctypes_obj are not equal.
MemoryError – If bytes is longer than size of ctypes_obj.

cocotb.utils.hexdump(x)[source]¶

Hexdump a buffer.

Parameters: x – Object that supports conversion via the str built-in.
Returns: A string containing the hexdump.

Example

>>> print(hexdump('this somewhat long string'))
0000   74 68 69 73 20 73 6F 6D 65 77 68 61 74 20 6C 6F   this somewhat lo
0010   6E 67 20 73 74 72 69 6E 67                        ng string

cocotb.utils.hexdiffs(x, y)[source]¶

Return a diff string showing differences between two binary strings.

Parameters

x – Object that supports conversion via the str built-in.
y – Object that supports conversion via the str built-in.

Example

>>> print(hexdiffs(0, 1))
0000      30                                               0
     0000 31                                               1

>>> print(hexdiffs('a', 'b'))
0000      61                                               a
     0000 62                                               b

>>> print(hexdiffs('this short thing', 'this also short'))
0000      746869732073686F 7274207468696E67 this short thing
     0000 7468697320616C73 6F  2073686F7274 this also  short

class cocotb.utils.ParametrizedSingleton(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶

A metaclass that allows class construction to reuse an existing instance.

We use this so that RisingEdge(sig) and Join(coroutine) always return the same instance, rather than creating new copies.

cocotb.utils.reject_remaining_kwargs(name, kwargs)[source]¶

Helper function to emulate Python 3 keyword-only arguments.

Use as:

def func(x1, **kwargs):
    a = kwargs.pop('a', 1)
    b = kwargs.pop('b', 2)
    reject_remaining_kwargs('func', kwargs)
    ...

To emulate the Python 3 syntax:

def func(x1, *, a=1, b=2):
    ...

class cocotb.utils.lazy_property(fget)[source]¶

A property that is executed the first time, then cached forever.

It does this by replacing itself on the instance, which works because unlike @property it does not define __set__.

This should be used for expensive members of objects that are not always used.

cocotb.utils.want_color_output()[source]¶

Return True if colored output is possible/requested and not running in GUI.

Colored output can be explicitly requested by setting COCOTB_ANSI_OUTPUT to 1.

cocotb.utils.remove_traceback_frames(tb_or_exc, frame_names)[source]¶

Strip leading frames from a traceback

Parameters

tb_or_exc (Union[traceback, BaseException, exc_info]) – Object to strip frames from. If an exception is passed, creates a copy of the exception with a new shorter traceback. If a tuple from sys.exc_info is passed, returns the same tuple with the traceback shortened
frame_names (List[str]) – Names of the frames to strip, which must be present.

Simulation Object Handles¶

class cocotb.handle.SimHandleBase(handle, path)[source]¶

Bases: object

Base class for all simulation objects.

We maintain a handle which we can use for GPI calls.

Parameters

handle (int) – The GPI handle to the simulator object.
path (str) – Path to this handle, None if root.

class cocotb.handle.RegionObject(handle, path)[source]¶

Bases: cocotb.handle.SimHandleBase

A region object, such as a scope or namespace.

Region objects don’t have values, they are effectively scopes or namespaces.

Parameters

handle (int) – The GPI handle to the simulator object.
path (str) – Path to this handle, None if root.

class cocotb.handle.HierarchyObject(handle, path)[source]¶

Bases: cocotb.handle.RegionObject

Hierarchy objects are namespace/scope objects.

Parameters

handle (int) – The GPI handle to the simulator object.
path (str) – Path to this handle, None if root.

class cocotb.handle.HierarchyArrayObject(handle, path)[source]¶

Bases: cocotb.handle.RegionObject

Hierarchy Arrays are containers of Hierarchy Objects.

Parameters

handle (int) – The GPI handle to the simulator object.
path (str) – Path to this handle, None if root.

class cocotb.handle.NonHierarchyObject(handle, path)[source]¶

Bases: cocotb.handle.SimHandleBase

Common base class for all non-hierarchy objects.

Parameters

handle (int) – The GPI handle to the simulator object.
path (str) – Path to this handle, None if root.

property value¶: A reference to the value

class cocotb.handle.ConstantObject(handle, path, handle_type)[source]¶

Bases: cocotb.handle.NonHierarchyObject

An object which has a value that can be read, but not set.

We can also cache the value since it is fixed at elaboration time and won’t change within a simulation.

Parameters

handle (int) – The GPI handle to the simulator object.
path (str) – Path to this handle, None if root.
handle_type – The type of the handle (simulator.INTEGER, simulator.ENUM, simulator.REAL, simulator.STRING).

class cocotb.handle.NonHierarchyIndexableObject(handle, path)[source]¶

Bases: cocotb.handle.NonHierarchyObject

A non-hierarchy indexable object.

Parameters

handle (int) – The GPI handle to the simulator object.
path (str) – Path to this handle, None if root.

class cocotb.handle.NonConstantObject(handle, path)[source]¶

Bases: cocotb.handle.NonHierarchyIndexableObject

A non-constant object

Parameters

handle (int) – The GPI handle to the simulator object.
path (str) – Path to this handle, None if root.

drivers()[source]¶: An iterator for gathering all drivers for a signal.

loads()[source]¶: An iterator for gathering all loads on a signal.

class cocotb.handle.ModifiableObject(handle, path)[source]¶

Bases: cocotb.handle.NonConstantObject

Base class for simulator objects whose values can be modified.

Parameters

handle (int) – The GPI handle to the simulator object.
path (str) – Path to this handle, None if root.

setimmediatevalue(value)[source]¶

Set the value of the underlying simulation object to value.

This operation will fail unless the handle refers to a modifiable object, e.g. net, signal or variable.

We determine the library call to make based on the type of the value because assigning integers less than 32 bits is faster.

Parameters: value (ctypes.Structure, cocotb.binary.BinaryValue, int, double) – The value to drive onto the simulator object.
Raises: TypeError – If target is not wide enough or has an unsupported type for value assignment.

class cocotb.handle.RealObject(handle, path)[source]¶

Bases: cocotb.handle.ModifiableObject

Specific object handle for Real signals and variables.

Parameters

handle (int) – The GPI handle to the simulator object.
path (str) – Path to this handle, None if root.

setimmediatevalue(value)[source]¶

Set the value of the underlying simulation object to value.

This operation will fail unless the handle refers to a modifiable object, e.g. net, signal or variable.

Parameters: value (float) – The value to drive onto the simulator object.
Raises: TypeError – If target has an unsupported type for real value assignment.

class cocotb.handle.EnumObject(handle, path)[source]¶

Bases: cocotb.handle.ModifiableObject

Specific object handle for enumeration signals and variables.

Parameters

handle (int) – The GPI handle to the simulator object.
path (str) – Path to this handle, None if root.

setimmediatevalue(value)[source]¶

Set the value of the underlying simulation object to value.

This operation will fail unless the handle refers to a modifiable object, e.g. net, signal or variable.

Parameters: value (int) – The value to drive onto the simulator object.
Raises: TypeError – If target has an unsupported type for integer value assignment.

class cocotb.handle.IntegerObject(handle, path)[source]¶

Bases: cocotb.handle.ModifiableObject

Specific object handle for Integer and Enum signals and variables.

Parameters

handle (int) – The GPI handle to the simulator object.
path (str) – Path to this handle, None if root.

setimmediatevalue(value)[source]¶

Set the value of the underlying simulation object to value.

This operation will fail unless the handle refers to a modifiable object, e.g. net, signal or variable.

Parameters: value (int) – The value to drive onto the simulator object.
Raises: TypeError – If target has an unsupported type for integer value assignment.

class cocotb.handle.StringObject(handle, path)[source]¶

Bases: cocotb.handle.ModifiableObject

Specific object handle for String variables.

Parameters

handle (int) – The GPI handle to the simulator object.
path (str) – Path to this handle, None if root.

setimmediatevalue(value)[source]¶

Set the value of the underlying simulation object to value.

This operation will fail unless the handle refers to a modifiable object, e.g. net, signal or variable.

Parameters: value (str) – The value to drive onto the simulator object.
Raises: TypeError – If target has an unsupported type for string value assignment.

cocotb.handle.SimHandle(handle, path=None)[source]¶

Factory function to create the correct type of SimHandle object.

Parameters

handle (int) – The GPI handle to the simulator object.
path (str) – Path to this handle, None if root.

Returns

The SimHandle object.

Raises

TestError – If no matching object for GPI type could be found.

Implemented Testbench Structures¶

Drivers¶

AMBA¶

Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture.

class cocotb.drivers.amba.AXI4LiteMaster(entity, name, clock, **kwargs)[source]¶

AXI4-Lite Master.

TODO: Kill all pending transactions if reset is asserted.

Constructor for a driver instance.

write(address, value, byte_enable=0xf, address_latency=0, data_latency=0)[source]¶

Write a value to an address.

Parameters

address (int) – The address to write to.
value (int) – The data value to write.
byte_enable (int, optional) – Which bytes in value to actually write. Default is to write all bytes.
address_latency (int, optional) – Delay before setting the address (in clock cycles). Default is no delay.
data_latency (int, optional) – Delay before setting the data value (in clock cycles). Default is no delay.
sync (bool, optional) – Wait for rising edge on clock initially. Defaults to True.

Returns

The write response value.

Return type

BinaryValue

Raises

AXIProtocolError – If write response from AXI is not OKAY.

read(address, sync=True)[source]¶

Read from an address.

Parameters

address (int) – The address to read from.
sync (bool, optional) – Wait for rising edge on clock initially. Defaults to True.

Returns

The read data value.

Return type

BinaryValue

Raises

AXIProtocolError – If read response from AXI is not OKAY.

class cocotb.drivers.amba.AXI4Slave(entity, name, clock, memory, callback=None, event=None, big_endian=False, **kwargs)[source]¶

AXI4 Slave

Monitors an internal memory and handles read and write requests.

Constructor for a driver instance.

Avalon¶

class cocotb.drivers.avalon.AvalonMM(entity, name, clock, **kwargs)[source]¶

Bases: cocotb.drivers.BusDriver

Avalon Memory Mapped Interface (Avalon-MM) Driver.

Currently we only support the mode required to communicate with SF avalon_mapper which is a limited subset of all the signals.

Blocking operation is all that is supported at the moment, and for the near future as well. Posted responses from a slave are not supported.

Constructor for a driver instance.

class cocotb.drivers.avalon.AvalonMaster(entity, name, clock, **kwargs)[source]¶

Avalon Memory Mapped Interface (Avalon-MM) Master.

Constructor for a driver instance.

write(address, value)[source]¶

Issue a write to the given address with the specified value.

Parameters

address (int) – The address to write to.
value (int) – The data value to write.

Raises

TestError – If master is read-only.

read(address, sync=True)[source]¶

Issue a request to the bus and block until this comes back.

Simulation time still progresses but syntactically it blocks.

Parameters

address (int) – The address to read from.
sync (bool, optional) – Wait for rising edge on clock initially. Defaults to True.

Returns

The read data value.

Return type

BinaryValue

Raises

TestError – If master is write-only.

class cocotb.drivers.avalon.AvalonMemory(entity, name, clock, readlatency_min=1, readlatency_max=1, memory=None, avl_properties={}, **kwargs)[source]¶

Bases: cocotb.drivers.BusDriver

Emulate a memory, with back-door access.

Constructor for a driver instance.

class cocotb.drivers.avalon.AvalonST(entity, name, clock, **kwargs)[source]¶

Bases: cocotb.drivers.ValidatedBusDriver

Avalon Streaming Interface (Avalon-ST) Driver

Constructor for a driver instance.

class cocotb.drivers.avalon.AvalonSTPkts(entity, name, clock, **kwargs)[source]¶

Bases: cocotb.drivers.ValidatedBusDriver

Avalon Streaming Interface (Avalon-ST) Driver, packetized.

Constructor for a driver instance.

OPB¶

class cocotb.drivers.opb.OPBMaster(entity, name, clock, **kwargs)[source]¶

On-chip peripheral bus master.

Constructor for a driver instance.

write(address, value, sync=True)[source]¶

Issue a write to the given address with the specified value.

Parameters

address (int) – The address to read from.
value (int) – The data value to write.
sync (bool, optional) – Wait for rising edge on clock initially. Defaults to True.

Raises

OPBException – If write took longer than 16 cycles.

read(address, sync=True)[source]¶

Issue a request to the bus and block until this comes back.

Simulation time still progresses but syntactically it blocks.

Parameters

address (int) – The address to read from.
sync (bool, optional) – Wait for rising edge on clock initially. Defaults to True.

Returns

The read data value.

Return type

BinaryValue

Raises

OPBException – If read took longer than 16 cycles.

XGMII¶

class cocotb.drivers.xgmii.XGMII(signal, clock, interleaved=True)[source]¶

Bases: cocotb.drivers.Driver

XGMII (10 Gigabit Media Independent Interface) driver.

Parameters

signal (SimHandle) – The XGMII data bus.
clock (SimHandle) – The associated clock (assumed to be driven by another coroutine).
interleaved (bool, optional) – Whether control bits are interleaved with the data bytes or not.

If interleaved the bus is: byte0, byte0_control, byte1, byte1_control, …
Otherwise expect: byte0, byte1, …, byte0_control, byte1_control, …

static layer1(packet)[source]¶

Take an Ethernet packet (as a string) and format as a layer 1 packet.

Pad to 64 bytes, prepend preamble and append 4-byte CRC on the end.

Parameters: packet (str) – The Ethernet packet to format.
Returns: The formatted layer 1 packet.
Return type: str

idle()[source]¶: Helper function to set bus to IDLE state.

terminate(index)[source]¶

Helper function to terminate from a provided lane index.

Parameters: index (int) – The index to terminate.

Monitors¶

Avalon¶

class cocotb.monitors.avalon.AvalonST(entity, name, clock, **kwargs)[source]¶

Bases: cocotb.monitors.BusMonitor

Avalon-ST bus.

Non-packetized so each valid word is a separate transaction.

class cocotb.monitors.avalon.AvalonSTPkts(entity, name, clock, **kwargs)[source]¶

Bases: cocotb.monitors.BusMonitor

Packetized Avalon-ST bus.

Parameters

name, clock (entity,) – see BusMonitor
config (dict) – bus configuration options
report_channel (bool) – report channel with data, default is False Setting to True on bus without channel signal will give an error

XGMII¶

class cocotb.monitors.xgmii.XGMII(signal, clock, interleaved=True, callback=None, event=None)[source]¶

Bases: cocotb.monitors.Monitor

XGMII (10 Gigabit Media Independent Interface) Monitor.

Assumes a single vector, either 4 or 8 bytes plus control bit for each byte.

If interleaved is True then the control bits are adjacent to the bytes.

Parameters

signal (SimHandle) – The XGMII data bus.
clock (SimHandle) – The associated clock (assumed to be driven by another coroutine).
interleaved (bool, optional) – Whether control bits are interleaved with the data bytes or not.

If interleaved the bus is: byte0, byte0_control, byte1, byte1_control, …
Otherwise expect: byte0, byte1, …, byte0_control, byte1_control, …

Miscellaneous¶

Signal Tracer for WaveDrom¶

class cocotb.wavedrom.Wavedrom(obj)[source]¶

Base class for a WaveDrom compatible tracer.

sample()[source]¶: Record a sample of the signal value at this point in time.

clear()[source]¶: Delete all sampled data.

get(add_clock=True)[source]¶: Return the samples as a list suitable for use with WaveDrom.

class cocotb.wavedrom.trace(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶

Context manager to enable tracing of signals.

Arguments are an arbitrary number of signals or buses to trace. We also require a clock to sample on, passed in as a keyword argument.

Usage:

with trace(sig1, sig2, a_bus, clk=clk) as waves:
    # Stuff happens, we trace it

    # Dump to JSON format compatible with WaveDrom
    j = waves.dumpj()

Developer-focused¶

The Scheduler¶

Note

The scheduler object should generally not be interacted with directly - the only part of it that a user will need is encapsulated in fork(), everything else works behind the scenes.

cocotb.scheduler = <cocotb.scheduler.Scheduler object>¶: The global scheduler instance.

class cocotb.scheduler.Scheduler[source]¶

The main scheduler.

Here we accept callbacks from the simulator and schedule the appropriate coroutines.

A callback fires, causing the react method to be called, with the trigger that caused the callback as the first argument.

We look up a list of coroutines to schedule (indexed by the trigger) and schedule them in turn.

Attention

Implementors should not depend on the scheduling order!

Some additional management is required since coroutines can return a list of triggers, to be scheduled when any one of the triggers fires. To ensure we don’t receive spurious callbacks, we have to un-prime all the other triggers when any one fires.

Due to the simulator nuances and fun with delta delays we have the following modes:

Normal mode

Callbacks cause coroutines to be scheduled
Any pending writes are cached and do not happen immediately

ReadOnly mode

Corresponds to cbReadOnlySynch (VPI) or vhpiCbLastKnownDeltaCycle (VHPI). In this state we are not allowed to perform writes.

Write mode

Corresponds to cbReadWriteSynch (VPI) or vhpiCbEndOfProcesses (VHPI) In this mode we play back all the cached write updates.

We can legally transition from Normal to Write by registering a ReadWrite callback, however usually once a simulator has entered the ReadOnly phase of a given timestep then we must move to a new timestep before performing any writes. The mechanism for moving to a new timestep may not be consistent across simulators and therefore we provide an abstraction to assist with compatibility.

Unless a coroutine has explicitly requested to be scheduled in ReadOnly mode (for example wanting to sample the finally settled value after all delta delays) then it can reasonably be expected to be scheduled during “normal mode” i.e. where writes are permitted.

react(trigger)[source]¶

Called when a trigger fires.

We ensure that we only start the event loop once, rather than letting it recurse.

unschedule(coro)[source]¶: Unschedule a coroutine. Unprime any pending triggers

queue(coroutine)[source]¶: Queue a coroutine for execution

queue_function(coro)[source]¶: Queue a coroutine for execution and move the containing thread so that it does not block execution of the main thread any longer.

run_in_executor(func, *args, **kwargs)[source]¶: Run the coroutine in a separate execution thread and return a yieldable object for the caller.

add(coroutine)[source]¶

Add a new coroutine.

Just a wrapper around self.schedule which provides some debug and useful error messages in the event of common gotchas.

add_test(test_coro)[source]¶: Called by the regression manager to queue the next test

schedule(coroutine, trigger=None)[source]¶

Schedule a coroutine by calling the send method.

Parameters

coroutine (cocotb.decorators.coroutine) – The coroutine to schedule.
trigger (cocotb.triggers.Trigger) – The trigger that caused this coroutine to be scheduled.

finish_scheduler(exc)[source]¶: Directly call into the regression manager and end test once we return the sim will close us so no cleanup is needed.

cleanup()[source]¶

Clear up all our state.

Unprime all pending triggers and kill off any coroutines stop all externals.

C Code Library Reference¶

Cocotb contains a library called GPI (in directory cocotb/share/lib/gpi/) written in C++ that is an abstraction layer for the VPI, VHPI, and FLI simulator interfaces.

The interaction between Python and GPI is via a Python extension module called simulator (in directory cocotb/share/lib/simulator/) which provides routines for traversing the hierarchy, getting/setting an object’s value, registering callbacks etc.

API Documentation¶

Class list¶

Class FliEnumObjHdl¶

class FliEnumObjHdl : public FliValueObjHdl ¶

Class FliImpl¶

class FliImpl : public GpiImplInterface ¶: Native Check Create

Determine whether a simulation object is native to FLI and create a handle if it is

Get current simulation time

Get current simulation time

NB units depend on the simulation configuration

Find the root handle

Find the root handle using an optional name

Get a handle to the root simulator object. This is usually the toplevel.

If no name is provided, we return the first root instance.

If name is provided, we check the name against the available objects until we find a match. If no match is found we return NULL

Class FliIntObjHdl¶

class FliIntObjHdl : public FliValueObjHdl ¶

Class FliIterator¶

class FliIterator : public GpiIterator ¶: Find the root handle

Find the root handle using an optional name

Get a handle to the root simulator object. This is usually the toplevel.

If no name is provided, we return the first root instance.

If name is provided, we check the name against the available objects until we find a match. If no match is found we return NULL

Class FliLogicObjHdl¶

class FliLogicObjHdl : public FliValueObjHdl ¶

Class FliNextPhaseCbHdl¶

class FliNextPhaseCbHdl : public FliSimPhaseCbHdl ¶

Class FliObj¶

class FliObj¶: Subclassed by FliObjHdl, FliSignalObjHdl

Class FliObjHdl¶

class FliObjHdl : public GpiObjHdl, public FliObj ¶

Class FliProcessCbHdl¶

class FliProcessCbHdl : public virtual GpiCbHdl ¶: Subclassed by FliShutdownCbHdl, FliSignalCbHdl, FliSimPhaseCbHdl, FliStartupCbHdl, FliTimedCbHdl

cleanup callback

Called while unwinding after a GPI callback

We keep the process but desensitize it

NB: need a way to determine if should leave it sensitized…

Class FliReadOnlyCbHdl¶

class FliReadOnlyCbHdl : public FliSimPhaseCbHdl ¶

Class FliReadWriteCbHdl¶

class FliReadWriteCbHdl : public FliSimPhaseCbHdl ¶

Class FliRealObjHdl¶

class FliRealObjHdl : public FliValueObjHdl ¶

Class FliShutdownCbHdl¶

class FliShutdownCbHdl : public FliProcessCbHdl ¶: cleanup callback

Called while unwinding after a GPI callback

We keep the process but desensitize it

NB: need a way to determine if should leave it sensitized…

Class FliSignalCbHdl¶

class FliSignalCbHdl : public FliProcessCbHdl, public GpiValueCbHdl ¶: cleanup callback

Called while unwinding after a GPI callback

We keep the process but desensitize it

NB: need a way to determine if should leave it sensitized…

Class FliSignalObjHdl¶

class FliSignalObjHdl : public GpiSignalObjHdl, public FliObj ¶: Subclassed by FliValueObjHdl

Class FliSimPhaseCbHdl¶

class FliSimPhaseCbHdl : public FliProcessCbHdl ¶: Subclassed by FliNextPhaseCbHdl, FliReadOnlyCbHdl, FliReadWriteCbHdl

cleanup callback

Called while unwinding after a GPI callback

We keep the process but desensitize it

NB: need a way to determine if should leave it sensitized…

Class FliStartupCbHdl¶

class FliStartupCbHdl : public FliProcessCbHdl ¶: cleanup callback

Called while unwinding after a GPI callback

We keep the process but desensitize it

NB: need a way to determine if should leave it sensitized…

Class FliStringObjHdl¶

class FliStringObjHdl : public FliValueObjHdl ¶

Class FliTimedCbHdl¶

class FliTimedCbHdl : public FliProcessCbHdl ¶: cleanup callback

Called while unwinding after a GPI callback

We keep the process but desensitize it

NB: need a way to determine if should leave it sensitized…

Class FliTimerCache¶

class FliTimerCache¶: Find the root handle

Find the root handle using an optional name

Get a handle to the root simulator object. This is usually the toplevel.

If no name is provided, we return the first root instance.

If name is provided, we check the name against the available objects until we find a match. If no match is found we return NULL

Class FliValueObjHdl¶

class FliValueObjHdl : public FliSignalObjHdl ¶: Subclassed by FliEnumObjHdl, FliIntObjHdl, FliLogicObjHdl, FliRealObjHdl, FliStringObjHdl

Class GpiCbHdl¶

class GpiCbHdl : public GpiHdl ¶: Subclassed by FliProcessCbHdl, GpiValueCbHdl, VhpiCbHdl, VpiCbHdl

Class GpiClockHdl¶

class GpiClockHdl¶

Class GpiHdl¶

class GpiHdl¶: Subclassed by GpiCbHdl, GpiIterator, GpiObjHdl

Class GpiImplInterface¶

class GpiImplInterface¶: Subclassed by FliImpl, VhpiImpl, VpiImpl

Class GpiIterator¶

class GpiIterator : public GpiHdl ¶: Subclassed by FliIterator, VhpiIterator, VpiIterator, VpiSingleIterator

Class GpiIteratorMapping¶

template<class Ti, class Tm> class GpiIteratorMapping¶

Class GpiObjHdl¶

class GpiObjHdl : public GpiHdl ¶: Subclassed by FliObjHdl, GpiSignalObjHdl, VhpiArrayObjHdl, VhpiObjHdl, VpiArrayObjHdl, VpiObjHdl

Class GpiSignalObjHdl¶

class GpiSignalObjHdl : public GpiObjHdl ¶: Subclassed by FliSignalObjHdl, VhpiSignalObjHdl, VpiSignalObjHdl

Class GpiValueCbHdl¶

class GpiValueCbHdl : public virtual GpiCbHdl ¶: Subclassed by FliSignalCbHdl, VhpiValueCbHdl, VpiValueCbHdl

Class VhpiArrayObjHdl¶

class VhpiArrayObjHdl : public GpiObjHdl ¶

Class VhpiCbHdl¶

class VhpiCbHdl : public virtual GpiCbHdl ¶: Subclassed by VhpiNextPhaseCbHdl, VhpiReadOnlyCbHdl, VhpiReadwriteCbHdl, VhpiShutdownCbHdl, VhpiStartupCbHdl, VhpiTimedCbHdl, VhpiValueCbHdl

Class VhpiImpl¶

class VhpiImpl : public GpiImplInterface ¶

Class VhpiIterator¶

class VhpiIterator : public GpiIterator ¶

Class VhpiLogicSignalObjHdl¶

class VhpiLogicSignalObjHdl : public VhpiSignalObjHdl ¶

Class VhpiNextPhaseCbHdl¶

class VhpiNextPhaseCbHdl : public VhpiCbHdl ¶

Class VhpiObjHdl¶

class VhpiObjHdl : public GpiObjHdl ¶

Class VhpiReadOnlyCbHdl¶

class VhpiReadOnlyCbHdl : public VhpiCbHdl ¶

Class VhpiReadwriteCbHdl¶

class VhpiReadwriteCbHdl : public VhpiCbHdl ¶

Class VhpiShutdownCbHdl¶

class VhpiShutdownCbHdl : public VhpiCbHdl ¶

Class VhpiSignalObjHdl¶

class VhpiSignalObjHdl : public GpiSignalObjHdl ¶: Subclassed by VhpiLogicSignalObjHdl

Class VhpiStartupCbHdl¶

class VhpiStartupCbHdl : public VhpiCbHdl ¶

Class VhpiTimedCbHdl¶

class VhpiTimedCbHdl : public VhpiCbHdl ¶

Class VhpiValueCbHdl¶

class VhpiValueCbHdl : public VhpiCbHdl, public GpiValueCbHdl ¶

Class VpiArrayObjHdl¶

class VpiArrayObjHdl : public GpiObjHdl ¶

Class VpiCbHdl¶

class VpiCbHdl : public virtual GpiCbHdl ¶: Subclassed by VpiNextPhaseCbHdl, VpiReadOnlyCbHdl, VpiReadwriteCbHdl, VpiShutdownCbHdl, VpiStartupCbHdl, VpiTimedCbHdl, VpiValueCbHdl

Class VpiImpl¶

class VpiImpl : public GpiImplInterface ¶

Class VpiIterator¶

class VpiIterator : public GpiIterator ¶

Class VpiNextPhaseCbHdl¶

class VpiNextPhaseCbHdl : public VpiCbHdl ¶

Class VpiObjHdl¶

class VpiObjHdl : public GpiObjHdl ¶

Class VpiReadOnlyCbHdl¶

class VpiReadOnlyCbHdl : public VpiCbHdl ¶

Class VpiReadwriteCbHdl¶

class VpiReadwriteCbHdl : public VpiCbHdl ¶

Class VpiShutdownCbHdl¶

class VpiShutdownCbHdl : public VpiCbHdl ¶

Class VpiSignalObjHdl¶

class VpiSignalObjHdl : public GpiSignalObjHdl ¶

Class VpiSingleIterator¶

class VpiSingleIterator : public GpiIterator ¶

Class VpiStartupCbHdl¶

class VpiStartupCbHdl : public VpiCbHdl ¶

Class VpiTimedCbHdl¶

class VpiTimedCbHdl : public VpiCbHdl ¶

Class VpiValueCbHdl¶

class VpiValueCbHdl : public VpiCbHdl, public GpiValueCbHdl ¶

Class cocotb_entrypoint¶

class cocotb_entrypoint¶

Class cocotb_entrypoint::cocotb_arch¶

class cocotb_arch¶

File list¶

File FliCbHdl.cpp¶

File FliImpl.cpp¶

Find the root handle

Find the root handle using an optional name

Get a handle to the root simulator object. This is usually the toplevel.

If no name is provided, we return the first root instance.

If name is provided, we check the name against the available objects until we find a match. If no match is found we return NULL

void fli_mappings(GpiIteratorMapping<int, FliIterator::OneToMany> &map)¶

void handle_fli_callback(void *data)¶

static void register_initial_callback()¶

static void register_final_callback()¶

static void register_embed()¶

void cocotb_init()¶

GPI_ENTRY_POINT(fli, register_embed)¶

Variables

FliProcessCbHdl *sim_init_cb¶

FliProcessCbHdl *sim_finish_cb¶

FliImpl *fli_table¶

File FliImpl.h¶

Functions

void cocotb_init()

void handle_fli_callback(void *data)

class FliProcessCbHdl : public virtual GpiCbHdl

Subclassed by FliShutdownCbHdl, FliSignalCbHdl, FliSimPhaseCbHdl, FliStartupCbHdl, FliTimedCbHdl

cleanup callback

Called while unwinding after a GPI callback

We keep the process but desensitize it

NB: need a way to determine if should leave it sensitized…

int cleanup_callback()¶

Public Functions

FliProcessCbHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl)¶

virtual ~FliProcessCbHdl()¶

virtual int arm_callback() = 0¶

Protected Attributes

mtiProcessIdT m_proc_hdl¶

bool m_sensitised¶

class FliSignalCbHdl : public FliProcessCbHdl, public GpiValueCbHdl

cleanup callback

Called while unwinding after a GPI callback

We keep the process but desensitize it

NB: need a way to determine if should leave it sensitized…

FliSignalCbHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl, FliSignalObjHdl *sig_hdl, unsigned int edge)¶

int arm_callback()¶

Public Functions

virtual ~FliSignalCbHdl()¶

int cleanup_callback()¶

Private Members

mtiSignalIdT m_sig_hdl¶

class FliSimPhaseCbHdl : public FliProcessCbHdl

Subclassed by FliNextPhaseCbHdl, FliReadOnlyCbHdl, FliReadWriteCbHdl

cleanup callback

Called while unwinding after a GPI callback

We keep the process but desensitize it

NB: need a way to determine if should leave it sensitized…

int arm_callback()¶

Public Functions

FliSimPhaseCbHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl, mtiProcessPriorityT priority)¶

virtual ~FliSimPhaseCbHdl()¶

Protected Attributes

mtiProcessPriorityT m_priority¶

class FliReadWriteCbHdl : public FliSimPhaseCbHdl

Public Functions

FliReadWriteCbHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl)¶

virtual ~FliReadWriteCbHdl()¶

class FliNextPhaseCbHdl : public FliSimPhaseCbHdl

Public Functions

FliNextPhaseCbHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl)¶

virtual ~FliNextPhaseCbHdl()¶

class FliReadOnlyCbHdl : public FliSimPhaseCbHdl

Public Functions

FliReadOnlyCbHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl)¶

virtual ~FliReadOnlyCbHdl()¶

class FliStartupCbHdl : public FliProcessCbHdl

cleanup callback

Called while unwinding after a GPI callback

We keep the process but desensitize it

NB: need a way to determine if should leave it sensitized…

int arm_callback()¶

int run_callback()¶

Public Functions

FliStartupCbHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl)¶

virtual ~FliStartupCbHdl()¶

class FliShutdownCbHdl : public FliProcessCbHdl

cleanup callback

Called while unwinding after a GPI callback

We keep the process but desensitize it

NB: need a way to determine if should leave it sensitized…

int arm_callback()¶

int run_callback()¶

Public Functions

FliShutdownCbHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl)¶

virtual ~FliShutdownCbHdl()¶

class FliTimedCbHdl : public FliProcessCbHdl

cleanup callback

Called while unwinding after a GPI callback

We keep the process but desensitize it

NB: need a way to determine if should leave it sensitized…

FliTimedCbHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl, uint64_t time_ps)¶

int arm_callback()¶

int cleanup_callback()¶

Public Functions

virtual ~FliTimedCbHdl()¶

void reset_time(uint64_t new_time)¶

Private Members

uint64_t m_time_ps¶

class FliObj

Subclassed by FliObjHdl, FliSignalObjHdl

Public Functions

FliObj(int acc_type, int acc_full_type)¶

virtual ~FliObj()¶

int get_acc_type()¶

int get_acc_full_type()¶

Protected Attributes

int m_acc_type¶

int m_acc_full_type¶

class FliObjHdl : public GpiObjHdl, public FliObj

Public Functions

FliObjHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl, void *hdl, gpi_objtype_t objtype, int acc_type, int acc_full_type)¶

FliObjHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl, void *hdl, gpi_objtype_t objtype, int acc_type, int acc_full_type, bool is_const)¶

virtual ~FliObjHdl()¶

int initialise(std::string &name, std::string &fq_name)¶

class FliSignalObjHdl : public GpiSignalObjHdl, public FliObj

Subclassed by FliValueObjHdl

Public Functions

FliSignalObjHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl, void *hdl, gpi_objtype_t objtype, bool is_const, int acc_type, int acc_full_type, bool is_var)¶

virtual ~FliSignalObjHdl()¶

GpiCbHdl *value_change_cb(unsigned int edge)¶

int initialise(std::string &name, std::string &fq_name)¶

bool is_var()¶

Protected Attributes

bool m_is_var¶

FliSignalCbHdl m_rising_cb¶

FliSignalCbHdl m_falling_cb¶

FliSignalCbHdl m_either_cb¶

class FliValueObjHdl : public FliSignalObjHdl

Subclassed by FliEnumObjHdl, FliIntObjHdl, FliLogicObjHdl, FliRealObjHdl, FliStringObjHdl

Public Functions

FliValueObjHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl, void *hdl, gpi_objtype_t objtype, bool is_const, int acc_type, int acc_full_type, bool is_var, mtiTypeIdT valType, mtiTypeKindT typeKind)¶

virtual ~FliValueObjHdl()¶

const char *get_signal_value_binstr()¶

const char *get_signal_value_str()¶

double get_signal_value_real()¶

long get_signal_value_long()¶

int set_signal_value(const long value)¶

int set_signal_value(const double value)¶

int set_signal_value(std::string &value)¶

void *get_sub_hdl(int index)¶

int initialise(std::string &name, std::string &fq_name)¶

mtiTypeKindT get_fli_typekind()¶

mtiTypeIdT get_fli_typeid()¶

Protected Attributes

mtiTypeKindT m_fli_type¶

mtiTypeIdT m_val_type¶

char *m_val_buff¶

void **m_sub_hdls¶

class FliEnumObjHdl : public FliValueObjHdl

Public Functions

FliEnumObjHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl, void *hdl, gpi_objtype_t objtype, bool is_const, int acc_type, int acc_full_type, bool is_var, mtiTypeIdT valType, mtiTypeKindT typeKind)¶

virtual ~FliEnumObjHdl()¶

const char *get_signal_value_str()¶

long get_signal_value_long()¶

int set_signal_value(const long value)¶

int initialise(std::string &name, std::string &fq_name)¶

Private Members

char **m_value_enum¶

mtiInt32T m_num_enum¶

class FliLogicObjHdl : public FliValueObjHdl

Public Functions

FliLogicObjHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl, void *hdl, gpi_objtype_t objtype, bool is_const, int acc_type, int acc_full_type, bool is_var, mtiTypeIdT valType, mtiTypeKindT typeKind)¶

virtual ~FliLogicObjHdl()¶

const char *get_signal_value_binstr()¶

int set_signal_value(const long value)¶

int set_signal_value(std::string &value)¶

int initialise(std::string &name, std::string &fq_name)¶

Private Members

char *m_mti_buff¶

char **m_value_enum¶

mtiInt32T m_num_enum¶

std::map<char, mtiInt32T> m_enum_map¶

class FliIntObjHdl : public FliValueObjHdl

Public Functions

FliIntObjHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl, void *hdl, gpi_objtype_t objtype, bool is_const, int acc_type, int acc_full_type, bool is_var, mtiTypeIdT valType, mtiTypeKindT typeKind)¶

virtual ~FliIntObjHdl()¶

const char *get_signal_value_binstr()¶

long get_signal_value_long()¶

int set_signal_value(const long value)¶

int initialise(std::string &name, std::string &fq_name)¶

class FliRealObjHdl : public FliValueObjHdl

Public Functions

FliRealObjHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl, void *hdl, gpi_objtype_t objtype, bool is_const, int acc_type, int acc_full_type, bool is_var, mtiTypeIdT valType, mtiTypeKindT typeKind)¶

virtual ~FliRealObjHdl()¶

double get_signal_value_real()¶

int set_signal_value(const double value)¶

int initialise(std::string &name, std::string &fq_name)¶

Private Members

double *m_mti_buff¶

class FliStringObjHdl : public FliValueObjHdl

Public Functions

FliStringObjHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl, void *hdl, gpi_objtype_t objtype, bool is_const, int acc_type, int acc_full_type, bool is_var, mtiTypeIdT valType, mtiTypeKindT typeKind)¶

virtual ~FliStringObjHdl()¶

const char *get_signal_value_str()¶

int set_signal_value(std::string &value)¶

int initialise(std::string &name, std::string &fq_name)¶

Private Members

char *m_mti_buff¶

class FliTimerCache

Find the root handle

Find the root handle using an optional name

Get a handle to the root simulator object. This is usually the toplevel.

If no name is provided, we return the first root instance.

If name is provided, we check the name against the available objects until we find a match. If no match is found we return NULL

FliTimedCbHdl *get_timer(uint64_t time_ps)¶

void put_timer(FliTimedCbHdl *hdl)¶

Public Functions

FliTimerCache(FliImpl *impl)¶

~FliTimerCache()¶

Private Members

std::queue<FliTimedCbHdl *> free_list¶

FliImpl *impl¶

class FliIterator : public GpiIterator

Find the root handle

Find the root handle using an optional name

Get a handle to the root simulator object. This is usually the toplevel.

If no name is provided, we return the first root instance.

If name is provided, we check the name against the available objects until we find a match. If no match is found we return NULL

GpiIteratorMapping<int, FliIterator::OneToMany> iterate_over¶

FliIterator(GpiImplInterface *impl, GpiObjHdl *hdl)¶

GpiIterator::Status next_handle(std::string &name, GpiObjHdl **hdl, void **raw_hdl)¶

void populate_handle_list(OneToMany childType)¶

Public Types

enum OneToMany¶

Values:

OTM_END = 0¶

OTM_CONSTANTS¶

OTM_SIGNALS¶

OTM_REGIONS¶

OTM_SIGNAL_SUB_ELEMENTS¶

OTM_VARIABLE_SUB_ELEMENTS¶

Public Functions

virtual ~FliIterator()¶

Private Members

std::vector<OneToMany> *selected¶

std::vector<OneToMany>::iterator one2many¶

std::vector<void *> m_vars¶

std::vector<void *> m_sigs¶

std::vector<void *> m_regs¶

std::vector<void *> *m_currentHandles¶

std::vector<void *>::iterator m_iterator¶

class FliImpl : public GpiImplInterface

Native Check Create

Determine whether a simulation object is native to FLI and create a handle if it is

GpiObjHdl *native_check_create(std::string &name, GpiObjHdl *parent)¶

GpiObjHdl *native_check_create(int32_t index, GpiObjHdl *parent)¶

const char *reason_to_string(int reason)¶

Get current simulation time

NB units depend on the simulation configuration

void get_sim_time(uint32_t *high, uint32_t *low)¶

void get_sim_precision(int32_t *precision)¶

Find the root handle

Find the root handle using an optional name

Get a handle to the root simulator object. This is usually the toplevel.

If no name is provided, we return the first root instance.

If name is provided, we check the name against the available objects until we find a match. If no match is found we return NULL

GpiObjHdl *get_root_handle(const char *name)¶

GpiIterator *iterate_handle(GpiObjHdl *obj_hdl, gpi_iterator_sel_t type)¶

GpiCbHdl *register_timed_callback(uint64_t time_ps)¶

GpiCbHdl *register_readonly_callback()¶

GpiCbHdl *register_nexttime_callback()¶

GpiCbHdl *register_readwrite_callback()¶

int deregister_callback(GpiCbHdl *obj_hdl)¶

Public Functions

FliImpl(const std::string &name)¶

void sim_end()¶

GpiObjHdl *native_check_create(void *raw_hdl, GpiObjHdl *paret)¶

GpiObjHdl *create_gpi_obj_from_handle(void *hdl, std::string &name, std::string &fq_name, int accType, int accFullType)¶

Public Members

FliTimerCache cache¶

Private Functions

bool isValueConst(int kind)¶

bool isValueLogic(mtiTypeIdT type)¶

bool isValueChar(mtiTypeIdT type)¶

bool isValueBoolean(mtiTypeIdT type)¶

bool isTypeValue(int type)¶

bool isTypeSignal(int type, int full_type)¶

Private Members

FliReadOnlyCbHdl m_readonly_cbhdl¶

FliNextPhaseCbHdl m_nexttime_cbhdl¶

FliReadWriteCbHdl m_readwrite_cbhdl¶

File FliObjHdl.cpp¶

File GpiCbHdl.cpp¶

Defines

CASE_OPTION(_X) case _X: \ ret = #_X; \ break ¶

File GpiCommon.cpp¶

Defines

CHECK_AND_STORE(_x) _x¶

CLEAR_STORE() (void)0¶

DOT_LIB_EXT “.” xstr(LIB_EXT)¶

Functions

int gpi_print_registered_impl()¶

int gpi_register_impl(GpiImplInterface *func_tbl)¶

void gpi_embed_init(gpi_sim_info_t *info)¶

void gpi_embed_end()¶

void gpi_sim_end()¶

void gpi_cleanup(void)¶

void gpi_embed_event(gpi_event_t level, const char *msg)¶

static void gpi_load_libs(std::vector<std::string> to_load)¶

void gpi_load_extra_libs()¶

void gpi_get_sim_time(uint32_t *high, uint32_t *low)¶

void gpi_get_sim_precision(int32_t *precision)¶

gpi_sim_hdl gpi_get_root_handle(const char *name)¶

static GpiObjHdl *__gpi_get_handle_by_name(GpiObjHdl *parent, std::string name, GpiImplInterface *skip_impl)¶

static GpiObjHdl *__gpi_get_handle_by_raw(GpiObjHdl *parent, void *raw_hdl, GpiImplInterface *skip_impl)¶

gpi_sim_hdl gpi_get_handle_by_name(gpi_sim_hdl parent, const char *name)¶

gpi_sim_hdl gpi_get_handle_by_index(gpi_sim_hdl parent, int32_t index)¶

gpi_iterator_hdl gpi_iterate(gpi_sim_hdl base, gpi_iterator_sel_t type)¶

gpi_sim_hdl gpi_next(gpi_iterator_hdl iterator)¶

const char *gpi_get_definition_name(gpi_sim_hdl sig_hdl)¶

const char *gpi_get_definition_file(gpi_sim_hdl sig_hdl)¶

const char *gpi_get_signal_value_binstr(gpi_sim_hdl sig_hdl)¶

const char *gpi_get_signal_value_str(gpi_sim_hdl sig_hdl)¶

double gpi_get_signal_value_real(gpi_sim_hdl sig_hdl)¶

long gpi_get_signal_value_long(gpi_sim_hdl sig_hdl)¶

const char *gpi_get_signal_name_str(gpi_sim_hdl sig_hdl)¶

const char *gpi_get_signal_type_str(gpi_sim_hdl sig_hdl)¶

gpi_objtype_t gpi_get_object_type(gpi_sim_hdl sig_hdl)¶

int gpi_is_constant(gpi_sim_hdl sig_hdl)¶

int gpi_is_indexable(gpi_sim_hdl sig_hdl)¶

void gpi_set_signal_value_long(gpi_sim_hdl sig_hdl, long value)¶

void gpi_set_signal_value_str(gpi_sim_hdl sig_hdl, const char *str)¶

void gpi_set_signal_value_real(gpi_sim_hdl sig_hdl, double value)¶

int gpi_get_num_elems(gpi_sim_hdl sig_hdl)¶

int gpi_get_range_left(gpi_sim_hdl sig_hdl)¶

int gpi_get_range_right(gpi_sim_hdl sig_hdl)¶

gpi_sim_hdl gpi_register_value_change_callback(int (*gpi_function)(const void *), void *gpi_cb_data, gpi_sim_hdl sig_hdl, unsigned int edge, )¶

gpi_sim_hdl gpi_register_timed_callback(int (*gpi_function)(const void *), void *gpi_cb_data, uint64_t time_ps, )¶

gpi_sim_hdl gpi_register_readonly_callback(int (*gpi_function)(const void *), void *gpi_cb_data, )¶

gpi_sim_hdl gpi_register_nexttime_callback(int (*gpi_function)(const void *), void *gpi_cb_data, )¶

gpi_sim_hdl gpi_register_readwrite_callback(int (*gpi_function)(const void *), void *gpi_cb_data, )¶

gpi_sim_hdl gpi_create_clock(gpi_sim_hdl clk_signal, const int period)¶

void gpi_stop_clock(gpi_sim_hdl clk_object)¶

void gpi_deregister_callback(gpi_sim_hdl hdl)¶

Variables

vector<GpiImplInterface *> registered_impls¶

File VhpiCbHdl.cpp¶

Defines

VHPI_TYPE_MIN (1000)¶

Functions

void handle_vhpi_callback(const vhpiCbDataT *cb_data)¶

bool get_range(vhpiHandleT hdl, vhpiIntT dim, int *left, int *right)¶

void vhpi_mappings(GpiIteratorMapping<vhpiClassKindT, vhpiOneToManyT> &map)¶

File VhpiImpl.cpp¶

Defines

CASE_STR(_X) case _X: return #_X¶

Functions

bool is_const(vhpiHandleT hdl)¶

bool is_enum_logic(vhpiHandleT hdl)¶

bool is_enum_char(vhpiHandleT hdl)¶

bool is_enum_boolean(vhpiHandleT hdl)¶

void handle_vhpi_callback(const vhpiCbDataT *cb_data)

static void register_initial_callback()

static void register_final_callback()

static void register_embed()

void vhpi_startup_routines_bootstrap()¶

Variables

VhpiCbHdl *sim_init_cb

VhpiCbHdl *sim_finish_cb

VhpiImpl *vhpi_table¶

void (*vhpi_startup_routines[])() = {register_embed, register_initial_callback, register_final_callback, 0}¶

File VhpiImpl.h¶

Defines

GEN_IDX_SEP_LHS “__”¶

GEN_IDX_SEP_RHS “”¶

check_vhpi_error() do { \ __check_vhpi_error(__FILE__, __func__, __LINE__); \ } while (0) ¶

Functions

static int __check_vhpi_error(const char *file, const char *func, long line)¶

class VhpiCbHdl : public virtual GpiCbHdl

Subclassed by VhpiNextPhaseCbHdl, VhpiReadOnlyCbHdl, VhpiReadwriteCbHdl, VhpiShutdownCbHdl, VhpiStartupCbHdl, VhpiTimedCbHdl, VhpiValueCbHdl

Public Functions

VhpiCbHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl)¶

virtual ~VhpiCbHdl()¶

int arm_callback()¶

int cleanup_callback()¶

Protected Attributes

vhpiCbDataT cb_data¶

vhpiTimeT vhpi_time¶

class VhpiValueCbHdl : public VhpiCbHdl, public GpiValueCbHdl

Public Functions

VhpiValueCbHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl, VhpiSignalObjHdl *sig, int edge)¶

virtual ~VhpiValueCbHdl()¶

int cleanup_callback()¶

Private Members

std::string initial_value¶

bool rising¶

bool falling¶

VhpiSignalObjHdl *signal¶

class VhpiTimedCbHdl : public VhpiCbHdl

Public Functions

VhpiTimedCbHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl, uint64_t time_ps)¶

virtual ~VhpiTimedCbHdl()¶

int cleanup_callback()¶

class VhpiReadOnlyCbHdl : public VhpiCbHdl

Public Functions

VhpiReadOnlyCbHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl)¶

virtual ~VhpiReadOnlyCbHdl()¶

class VhpiNextPhaseCbHdl : public VhpiCbHdl

Public Functions

VhpiNextPhaseCbHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl)¶

virtual ~VhpiNextPhaseCbHdl()¶

class VhpiStartupCbHdl : public VhpiCbHdl

Public Functions

VhpiStartupCbHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl)¶

int run_callback()¶

int cleanup_callback()¶

virtual ~VhpiStartupCbHdl()¶

class VhpiShutdownCbHdl : public VhpiCbHdl

Public Functions

VhpiShutdownCbHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl)¶

int run_callback()¶

int cleanup_callback()¶

virtual ~VhpiShutdownCbHdl()¶

class VhpiReadwriteCbHdl : public VhpiCbHdl

Public Functions

VhpiReadwriteCbHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl)¶

virtual ~VhpiReadwriteCbHdl()¶

class VhpiArrayObjHdl : public GpiObjHdl

Public Functions

VhpiArrayObjHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl, vhpiHandleT hdl, gpi_objtype_t objtype)¶

~VhpiArrayObjHdl()¶

int initialise(std::string &name, std::string &fq_name)¶

class VhpiObjHdl : public GpiObjHdl

Public Functions

VhpiObjHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl, vhpiHandleT hdl, gpi_objtype_t objtype)¶

~VhpiObjHdl()¶

int initialise(std::string &name, std::string &fq_name)¶

class VhpiSignalObjHdl : public GpiSignalObjHdl

Subclassed by VhpiLogicSignalObjHdl

Public Functions

VhpiSignalObjHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl, vhpiHandleT hdl, gpi_objtype_t objtype, bool is_const)¶

~VhpiSignalObjHdl()¶

const char *get_signal_value_binstr()¶

const char *get_signal_value_str()¶

double get_signal_value_real()¶

long get_signal_value_long()¶

int set_signal_value(const long value)¶

int set_signal_value(const double value)¶

int set_signal_value(std::string &value)¶

GpiCbHdl *value_change_cb(unsigned int edge)¶

int initialise(std::string &name, std::string &fq_name)¶

Protected Functions

const vhpiEnumT chr2vhpi(const char value)¶

Protected Attributes

vhpiValueT m_value¶

vhpiValueT m_binvalue¶

VhpiValueCbHdl m_rising_cb¶

VhpiValueCbHdl m_falling_cb¶

VhpiValueCbHdl m_either_cb¶

class VhpiLogicSignalObjHdl : public VhpiSignalObjHdl

Public Functions

VhpiLogicSignalObjHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl, vhpiHandleT hdl, gpi_objtype_t objtype, bool is_const)¶

virtual ~VhpiLogicSignalObjHdl()¶

int set_signal_value(const long value)¶

int set_signal_value(std::string &value)¶

int initialise(std::string &name, std::string &fq_name)¶

class VhpiIterator : public GpiIterator

Public Functions

VhpiIterator(GpiImplInterface *impl, GpiObjHdl *hdl)¶

~VhpiIterator()¶

GpiIterator::Status next_handle(std::string &name, GpiObjHdl **hdl, void **raw_hdl)¶

Private Members

vhpiHandleT m_iterator¶

vhpiHandleT m_iter_obj¶

std::vector<vhpiOneToManyT> *selected¶

std::vector<vhpiOneToManyT>::iterator one2many¶

Private Static Attributes

GpiIteratorMapping<vhpiClassKindT, vhpiOneToManyT> iterate_over¶

class VhpiImpl : public GpiImplInterface

Public Functions

VhpiImpl(const std::string &name)¶

void sim_end()¶

void get_sim_time(uint32_t *high, uint32_t *low)¶

void get_sim_precision(int32_t *precision)¶

GpiObjHdl *get_root_handle(const char *name)¶

GpiIterator *iterate_handle(GpiObjHdl *obj_hdl, gpi_iterator_sel_t type)¶

GpiCbHdl *register_timed_callback(uint64_t time_ps)¶

GpiCbHdl *register_readonly_callback()¶

GpiCbHdl *register_nexttime_callback()¶

GpiCbHdl *register_readwrite_callback()¶

int deregister_callback(GpiCbHdl *obj_hdl)¶

GpiObjHdl *native_check_create(std::string &name, GpiObjHdl *parent)¶

GpiObjHdl *native_check_create(int32_t index, GpiObjHdl *parent)¶

GpiObjHdl *native_check_create(void *raw_hdl, GpiObjHdl *parent)¶

const char *reason_to_string(int reason)¶

const char *format_to_string(int format)¶

GpiObjHdl *create_gpi_obj_from_handle(vhpiHandleT new_hdl, std::string &name, std::string &fq_name)¶

Private Members

VhpiReadwriteCbHdl m_read_write¶

VhpiNextPhaseCbHdl m_next_phase¶

VhpiReadOnlyCbHdl m_read_only¶

File VpiCbHdl.cpp¶

Defines

VPI_TYPE_MAX (1000)¶

Functions

int32_t handle_vpi_callback(p_cb_data cb_data)¶

void vpi_mappings(GpiIteratorMapping<int32_t, int32_t> &map)¶

File VpiImpl.cpp¶

Defines

CASE_STR(_X) case _X: return #_X¶

Functions

gpi_objtype_t to_gpi_objtype(int32_t vpitype)¶

int32_t handle_vpi_callback(p_cb_data cb_data)

static void register_embed()

static void register_initial_callback()

static void register_final_callback()

static int system_function_compiletf(char *userdata)¶

static int system_function_overload(char *userdata)¶

static void register_system_functions()¶

void vlog_startup_routines_bootstrap()¶

Variables

VpiCbHdl *sim_init_cb

VpiCbHdl *sim_finish_cb

VpiImpl *vpi_table¶

int systf_info_level = GPIInfo ¶

int systf_warning_level = GPIWarning ¶

int systf_error_level = GPIError ¶

int systf_fatal_level = GPICritical ¶

void (*vlog_startup_routines[])() = {register_embed, register_system_functions, register_initial_callback, register_final_callback, 0}¶

File VpiImpl.h¶

Defines

check_vpi_error() do { \ __check_vpi_error(__FILE__, __func__, __LINE__); \ } while (0) ¶

Functions

static int __check_vpi_error(const char *file, const char *func, long line)¶

class VpiCbHdl : public virtual GpiCbHdl

Subclassed by VpiNextPhaseCbHdl, VpiReadOnlyCbHdl, VpiReadwriteCbHdl, VpiShutdownCbHdl, VpiStartupCbHdl, VpiTimedCbHdl, VpiValueCbHdl

Public Functions

VpiCbHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl)¶

virtual ~VpiCbHdl()¶

int arm_callback()¶

int cleanup_callback()¶

Protected Attributes

s_cb_data cb_data¶

s_vpi_time vpi_time¶

class VpiValueCbHdl : public VpiCbHdl, public GpiValueCbHdl

Public Functions

VpiValueCbHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl, VpiSignalObjHdl *sig, int edge)¶

virtual ~VpiValueCbHdl()¶

int cleanup_callback()¶

Private Members

s_vpi_value m_vpi_value¶

class VpiTimedCbHdl : public VpiCbHdl

Public Functions

VpiTimedCbHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl, uint64_t time_ps)¶

virtual ~VpiTimedCbHdl()¶

int cleanup_callback()¶

class VpiReadOnlyCbHdl : public VpiCbHdl

Public Functions

VpiReadOnlyCbHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl)¶

virtual ~VpiReadOnlyCbHdl()¶

class VpiNextPhaseCbHdl : public VpiCbHdl

Public Functions

VpiNextPhaseCbHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl)¶

virtual ~VpiNextPhaseCbHdl()¶

class VpiReadwriteCbHdl : public VpiCbHdl

Public Functions

VpiReadwriteCbHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl)¶

virtual ~VpiReadwriteCbHdl()¶

class VpiStartupCbHdl : public VpiCbHdl

Public Functions

VpiStartupCbHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl)¶

int run_callback()¶

int cleanup_callback()¶

virtual ~VpiStartupCbHdl()¶

class VpiShutdownCbHdl : public VpiCbHdl

Public Functions

VpiShutdownCbHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl)¶

int run_callback()¶

int cleanup_callback()¶

virtual ~VpiShutdownCbHdl()¶

class VpiArrayObjHdl : public GpiObjHdl

Public Functions

VpiArrayObjHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl, vpiHandle hdl, gpi_objtype_t objtype)¶

virtual ~VpiArrayObjHdl()¶

int initialise(std::string &name, std::string &fq_name)¶

class VpiObjHdl : public GpiObjHdl

Public Functions

VpiObjHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl, vpiHandle hdl, gpi_objtype_t objtype)¶

virtual ~VpiObjHdl()¶

int initialise(std::string &name, std::string &fq_name)¶

class VpiSignalObjHdl : public GpiSignalObjHdl

Public Functions

VpiSignalObjHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl, vpiHandle hdl, gpi_objtype_t objtype, bool is_const)¶

virtual ~VpiSignalObjHdl()¶

const char *get_signal_value_binstr()¶

const char *get_signal_value_str()¶

double get_signal_value_real()¶

long get_signal_value_long()¶

int set_signal_value(const long value)¶

int set_signal_value(const double value)¶

int set_signal_value(std::string &value)¶

GpiCbHdl *value_change_cb(unsigned int edge)¶

int initialise(std::string &name, std::string &fq_name)¶

Private Functions

int set_signal_value(s_vpi_value value)¶

Private Members

VpiValueCbHdl m_rising_cb¶

VpiValueCbHdl m_falling_cb¶

VpiValueCbHdl m_either_cb¶

class VpiIterator : public GpiIterator

Public Functions

VpiIterator(GpiImplInterface *impl, GpiObjHdl *hdl)¶

~VpiIterator()¶

GpiIterator::Status next_handle(std::string &name, GpiObjHdl **hdl, void **raw_hdl)¶

Private Members

vpiHandle m_iterator¶

std::vector<int32_t> *selected¶

std::vector<int32_t>::iterator one2many¶

Private Static Attributes

GpiIteratorMapping<int32_t, int32_t> iterate_over¶

class VpiSingleIterator : public GpiIterator

Public Functions

VpiSingleIterator(GpiImplInterface *impl, GpiObjHdl *hdl, int32_t vpitype)¶

virtual ~VpiSingleIterator()¶

GpiIterator::Status next_handle(std::string &name, GpiObjHdl **hdl, void **raw_hdl)¶

Protected Attributes

vpiHandle m_iterator¶

class VpiImpl : public GpiImplInterface

Public Functions

VpiImpl(const std::string &name)¶

void sim_end()¶

void get_sim_time(uint32_t *high, uint32_t *low)¶

void get_sim_precision(int32_t *precision)¶

GpiObjHdl *get_root_handle(const char *name)¶

GpiIterator *iterate_handle(GpiObjHdl *obj_hdl, gpi_iterator_sel_t type)¶

GpiObjHdl *next_handle(GpiIterator *iter)¶

GpiCbHdl *register_timed_callback(uint64_t time_ps)¶

GpiCbHdl *register_readonly_callback()¶

GpiCbHdl *register_nexttime_callback()¶

GpiCbHdl *register_readwrite_callback()¶

int deregister_callback(GpiCbHdl *obj_hdl)¶

GpiObjHdl *native_check_create(std::string &name, GpiObjHdl *parent)¶

GpiObjHdl *native_check_create(int32_t index, GpiObjHdl *parent)¶

GpiObjHdl *native_check_create(void *raw_hdl, GpiObjHdl *parent)¶

const char *reason_to_string(int reason)¶

GpiObjHdl *create_gpi_obj_from_handle(vpiHandle new_hdl, std::string &name, std::string &fq_name)¶

Private Members

VpiReadwriteCbHdl m_read_write¶

VpiNextPhaseCbHdl m_next_phase¶

VpiReadOnlyCbHdl m_read_only¶

File cocotb_utils.c¶

Functions

void to_python(void)¶

void to_simulator(void)¶

void *utils_dyn_open(const char *lib_name)¶

void *utils_dyn_sym(void *handle, const char *sym_name)¶

Variables

int is_python_context = 0¶

File cocotb_utils.h¶

Defines

xstr(a) str(a)¶

str(a) #a¶

Functions

void *utils_dyn_open(const char *lib_name)

void *utils_dyn_sym(void *handle, const char *sym_name)

void to_python(void)

void to_simulator(void)

Variables

int is_python_context

File embed.h¶

Functions

void embed_init_python(void)¶

void embed_sim_cleanup(void)¶

int embed_sim_init(gpi_sim_info_t *info)¶

void embed_sim_event(gpi_event_t level, const char *msg)¶

File entrypoint.vhdl¶

class cocotb_entrypoint

class cocotb_arch

Public Members

cocotb_arch:architecture is "cocotb_fli_init fli.so" cocotb_entrypoint.cocotb_arch::foreign

File gpi.h¶

Defines

DLLEXPORT¶

EXTERN_C_START¶

EXTERN_C_END¶

__attribute__(x)¶

GPI_RET(_code) if (_code == 1) \ return 0; \ else \ return -1 ¶

Typedefs

typedef EXTERN_C_START enum gpi_event_e gpi_event_t

typedef struct gpi_sim_info_s gpi_sim_info_t¶

typedef void *gpi_sim_hdl¶

typedef void *gpi_iterator_hdl¶

typedef enum gpi_objtype_e gpi_objtype_t¶

typedef enum gpi_iterator_sel_e gpi_iterator_sel_t¶

typedef enum gpi_edge gpi_edge_e¶

Enums

enum gpi_event_e¶

Values:

SIM_INFO = 0¶

SIM_TEST_FAIL = 1¶

SIM_FAIL = 2¶

enum gpi_objtype_e¶

Values:

GPI_UNKNOWN = 0¶

GPI_MEMORY = 1¶

GPI_MODULE = 2¶

GPI_NET = 3¶

GPI_PARAMETER = 4¶

GPI_REGISTER = 5¶

GPI_ARRAY = 6¶

GPI_ENUM = 7¶

GPI_STRUCTURE = 8¶

GPI_REAL = 9¶

GPI_INTEGER = 10¶

GPI_STRING = 11¶

GPI_GENARRAY = 12¶

enum gpi_iterator_sel_e¶

Values:

GPI_OBJECTS = 1¶

GPI_DRIVERS = 2¶

GPI_LOADS = 3¶

enum gpi_edge¶

Values:

GPI_RISING = 1¶

GPI_FALLING = 2¶

Functions

void gpi_sim_end(void)

void gpi_cleanup(void)

void gpi_get_sim_time(uint32_t *high, uint32_t *low)

void gpi_get_sim_precision(int32_t *precision)

gpi_sim_hdl gpi_get_root_handle(const char *name)

gpi_sim_hdl gpi_get_handle_by_name(gpi_sim_hdl parent, const char *name)

gpi_sim_hdl gpi_get_handle_by_index(gpi_sim_hdl parent, int32_t index)

void gpi_free_handle(gpi_sim_hdl gpi_hdl)¶

gpi_iterator_hdl gpi_iterate(gpi_sim_hdl base, gpi_iterator_sel_t type)

gpi_sim_hdl gpi_next(gpi_iterator_hdl iterator)

int gpi_get_num_elems(gpi_sim_hdl gpi_sim_hdl)

int gpi_get_range_left(gpi_sim_hdl gpi_sim_hdl)

int gpi_get_range_right(gpi_sim_hdl gpi_sim_hdl)

const char *gpi_get_signal_value_binstr(gpi_sim_hdl gpi_hdl)

const char *gpi_get_signal_value_str(gpi_sim_hdl gpi_hdl)

double gpi_get_signal_value_real(gpi_sim_hdl gpi_hdl)

long gpi_get_signal_value_long(gpi_sim_hdl gpi_hdl)

const char *gpi_get_signal_name_str(gpi_sim_hdl gpi_hdl)

const char *gpi_get_signal_type_str(gpi_sim_hdl gpi_hdl)

gpi_objtype_t gpi_get_object_type(gpi_sim_hdl gpi_hdl)

const char *gpi_get_definition_name(gpi_sim_hdl gpi_hdl)

const char *gpi_get_definition_file(gpi_sim_hdl gpi_hdl)

int gpi_is_constant(gpi_sim_hdl gpi_hdl)

int gpi_is_indexable(gpi_sim_hdl gpi_hdl)

void gpi_set_signal_value_real(gpi_sim_hdl gpi_hdl, double value)

void gpi_set_signal_value_long(gpi_sim_hdl gpi_hdl, long value)

void gpi_set_signal_value_str(gpi_sim_hdl gpi_hdl, const char *str)

gpi_sim_hdl gpi_register_timed_callback(int (*gpi_function)(const void *), void *gpi_cb_data, uint64_t time_ps, )

gpi_sim_hdl gpi_register_value_change_callback(int (*gpi_function)(const void *), void *gpi_cb_data, gpi_sim_hdl gpi_hdl, unsigned int edge, )

gpi_sim_hdl gpi_register_readonly_callback(int (*gpi_function)(const void *), void *gpi_cb_data, )

gpi_sim_hdl gpi_register_nexttime_callback(int (*gpi_function)(const void *), void *gpi_cb_data, )

gpi_sim_hdl gpi_register_readwrite_callback(int (*gpi_function)(const void *), void *gpi_cb_data, )

void gpi_deregister_callback(gpi_sim_hdl gpi_hdl)

void *gpi_get_callback_data(gpi_sim_hdl gpi_hdl)¶

int gpi_print_registered_impl(void)

struct gpi_sim_info_s¶

Public Members

int32_t argc¶

char **argv¶

char *product¶

char *version¶

int32_t *reserved[4]¶

File gpi_embed.c¶

Initialize the Python interpreter

Create and initialize the Python interpreter

GILState before calling: N/A

GILState after calling: released

Stores the thread state for cocotb in static variable gtstate

void embed_init_python(void)

Simulator cleanup

Called by the simulator on shutdown.

GILState before calling: Not held

GILState after calling: Not held

Makes one call to PyGILState_Ensure and one call to Py_Finalize.

Cleans up reference counts for Python objects and calls Py_Finalize function.

void embed_sim_cleanup(void)

Initialization

Called by the simulator on initialization.

Load cocotb Python module

GILState before calling: Not held

GILState after calling: Not held

Makes one call to PyGILState_Ensure and one call to PyGILState_Release

Loads the Python module called cocotb and calls the _initialise_testbench function

int get_module_ref(const char *modname, PyObject **mod)¶

int embed_sim_init(gpi_sim_info_t *info)

void embed_sim_event(gpi_event_t level, const char *msg)

Functions

static void set_program_name_in_venv(void)¶

Variables

PyThreadState *gtstate = NULL¶

char progname[] = "cocotb"¶

char *argv[] = {progname}¶

const char *PYTHON_INTERPRETER_PATH = "/bin/python"¶

PyObject *pEventFn = NULL¶

File gpi_logging.c¶

GPI logging

Write a log message using cocotb SimLog class

GILState before calling: Unknown

GILState after calling: Unknown

Makes one call to PyGILState_Ensure and one call to PyGILState_Release

If the Python logging mechanism is not initialised, dumps to stderr.

void gpi_log(const char *name, long level, const char *pathname, const char *funcname, long lineno, const char *msg, ...)¶

Defines

LOG_SIZE 512¶

Functions

void set_log_handler(void *handler)¶

void clear_log_handler(void)¶

void set_log_filter(void *filter)¶

void clear_log_filter(void)¶

void set_log_level(enum gpi_log_levels new_level)¶

const char *log_level(long level)¶

Variables

PyObject *pLogHandler = NULL¶

PyObject *pLogFilter = NULL¶

gpi_log_levels local_level = GPIInfo ¶

struct _log_level_table log_level_table[]= { { 10, "DEBUG" }, { 20, "INFO" }, { 30, "WARNING" }, { 40, "ERROR" }, { 50, "CRITICAL" }, { 0, NULL}}

char log_buff[LOG_SIZE]¶

struct _log_level_table¶

Public Members

long level¶

const char *levelname¶

File gpi_logging.h¶

Defines

EXTERN_C_START¶

EXTERN_C_END¶

LOG_DEBUG(...) gpi_log(“cocotb.gpi”, GPIDebug, __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__, __VA_ARGS__);¶

LOG_INFO(...) gpi_log(“cocotb.gpi”, GPIInfo, __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__, __VA_ARGS__);¶

LOG_WARN(...) gpi_log(“cocotb.gpi”, GPIWarning, __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__, __VA_ARGS__);¶

LOG_ERROR(...) gpi_log(“cocotb.gpi”, GPIError, __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__, __VA_ARGS__);¶

LOG_CRITICAL(...) do { \ gpi_log(“cocotb.gpi”, GPICritical, __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__, __VA_ARGS__); \ exit(1); \ } while (0) ¶

FENTER¶

FEXIT¶

Enums

enum gpi_log_levels¶

Values:

GPIDebug = 10¶

GPIInfo = 20¶

GPIWarning = 30¶

GPIError = 40¶

GPICritical = 50¶

Functions

void set_log_handler(void *handler)

void clear_log_handler(void)

void set_make_record(void *makerecord)¶

void set_log_filter(void *filter)

void clear_log_filter(void)

void set_log_level(enum gpi_log_levels new_level)

void gpi_log(const char *name, long level, const char *pathname, const char *funcname, long lineno, const char *msg, ...)

File gpi_priv.h¶

Defines

GPI_ENTRY_POINT(NAME, func) extern “C” { \ const void NAME##_entry_point() \ { \ func(); \ } \ } ¶

Typedefs

typedef enum gpi_cb_state gpi_cb_state_e¶

typedef const void (*layer_entry_func)()¶

Enums

enum gpi_cb_state¶

Values:

GPI_FREE = 0¶

GPI_PRIMED = 1¶

GPI_CALL = 2¶

GPI_REPRIME = 3¶

GPI_DELETE = 4¶

Functions

template<class To> To sim_to_hdl(gpi_sim_hdl input)¶

int gpi_register_impl(GpiImplInterface *func_tbl)

void gpi_embed_init(gpi_sim_info_t *info)

void gpi_cleanup()

void gpi_embed_end()

void gpi_embed_event(gpi_event_t level, const char *msg)

void gpi_load_extra_libs()

class GpiHdl

Subclassed by GpiCbHdl, GpiIterator, GpiObjHdl

Public Functions

GpiHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl)¶

GpiHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl, void *hdl)¶

virtual ~GpiHdl()¶

int initialise(std::string &name)¶

template<typename T> T get_handle() const¶

char *gpi_copy_name(const char *name)¶

bool is_this_impl(GpiImplInterface *impl)¶

Public Members

GpiImplInterface *m_impl¶

Protected Attributes

void *m_obj_hdl¶

Private Functions

GpiHdl()¶

class GpiObjHdl : public GpiHdl

Subclassed by FliObjHdl, GpiSignalObjHdl, VhpiArrayObjHdl, VhpiObjHdl, VpiArrayObjHdl, VpiObjHdl

Public Functions

GpiObjHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl)¶

GpiObjHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl, void *hdl, gpi_objtype_t objtype)¶

GpiObjHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl, void *hdl, gpi_objtype_t objtype, bool is_const)¶

virtual ~GpiObjHdl()¶

const char *get_name_str()¶

const char *get_fullname_str()¶

const char *get_type_str()¶

gpi_objtype_t get_type()¶

bool get_const()¶

int get_num_elems()¶

int get_range_left()¶

int get_range_right()¶

int get_indexable()¶

const std::string &get_name()¶

const std::string &get_fullname()¶

virtual const char *get_definition_name()¶

virtual const char *get_definition_file()¶

bool is_native_impl(GpiImplInterface *impl)¶

int initialise(std::string &name, std::string &full_name)¶

Protected Attributes

int m_num_elems¶

bool m_indexable¶

int m_range_left¶

int m_range_right¶

std::string m_name¶

std::string m_fullname¶

std::string m_definition_name¶

std::string m_definition_file¶

gpi_objtype_t m_type¶

bool m_const¶

class GpiSignalObjHdl : public GpiObjHdl

Subclassed by FliSignalObjHdl, VhpiSignalObjHdl, VpiSignalObjHdl

Public Functions

GpiSignalObjHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl, void *hdl, gpi_objtype_t objtype, bool is_const)¶

virtual ~GpiSignalObjHdl()¶

virtual const char *get_signal_value_binstr() = 0¶

virtual const char *get_signal_value_str() = 0¶

virtual double get_signal_value_real() = 0¶

virtual long get_signal_value_long() = 0¶

virtual int set_signal_value(const long value) = 0¶

virtual int set_signal_value(const double value) = 0¶

virtual int set_signal_value(std::string &value) = 0¶

virtual GpiCbHdl *value_change_cb(unsigned int edge) = 0¶

Public Members

int m_length¶

class GpiCbHdl : public GpiHdl

Subclassed by FliProcessCbHdl, GpiValueCbHdl, VhpiCbHdl, VpiCbHdl

Public Functions

GpiCbHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl)¶

int arm_callback() = 0¶

int run_callback()¶

int cleanup_callback() = 0¶

int set_user_data(int (*gpi_function)(const void *), const void *data, )¶

const void *get_user_data()¶

void set_call_state(gpi_cb_state_e new_state)¶

gpi_cb_state_e get_call_state()¶

~GpiCbHdl()¶

Protected Attributes

int (*gpi_function)(const void *)¶

const void *m_cb_data¶

gpi_cb_state_e m_state¶

class GpiValueCbHdl : public virtual GpiCbHdl

Subclassed by FliSignalCbHdl, VhpiValueCbHdl, VpiValueCbHdl

Public Functions

GpiValueCbHdl(GpiImplInterface *impl, GpiSignalObjHdl *signal, int edge)¶

virtual ~GpiValueCbHdl()¶

int run_callback()¶

virtual int cleanup_callback() = 0¶

Protected Attributes

std::string required_value¶

GpiSignalObjHdl *m_signal¶

class GpiClockHdl

Public Functions

GpiClockHdl(GpiObjHdl *clk)¶

GpiClockHdl(const char *clk)¶

~GpiClockHdl()¶

int start_clock(const int period_ps)¶

int stop_clock()¶

class GpiIterator : public GpiHdl

Subclassed by FliIterator, VhpiIterator, VpiIterator, VpiSingleIterator

Public Types

enum Status¶

Values:

NATIVE¶

NATIVE_NO_NAME¶

NOT_NATIVE¶

NOT_NATIVE_NO_NAME¶

END¶

Public Functions

GpiIterator(GpiImplInterface *impl, GpiObjHdl *hdl)¶

virtual ~GpiIterator()¶

virtual Status next_handle(std::string &name, GpiObjHdl **hdl, void **raw_hdl)¶

GpiObjHdl *get_parent()¶

Protected Attributes

GpiObjHdl *m_parent¶

template<class Ti, class Tm> class GpiIteratorMapping

Public Functions

GpiIteratorMapping(void (*populate)(GpiIteratorMapping<Ti, Tm>&))¶

std::vector<Tm> *get_options(Ti type)¶

void add_to_options(Ti type, Tm *options)¶

Private Members

std::map<Ti, std::vector<Tm>> options_map¶

class GpiImplInterface

Subclassed by FliImpl, VhpiImpl, VpiImpl

Public Functions

GpiImplInterface(const std::string &name)¶

const char *get_name_c()¶

const string &get_name_s()¶

virtual ~GpiImplInterface()¶

virtual void sim_end() = 0¶

virtual void get_sim_time(uint32_t *high, uint32_t *low) = 0¶

virtual void get_sim_precision(int32_t *precision) = 0¶

virtual GpiObjHdl *native_check_create(std::string &name, GpiObjHdl *parent) = 0¶

virtual GpiObjHdl *native_check_create(int32_t index, GpiObjHdl *parent) = 0¶

virtual GpiObjHdl *native_check_create(void *raw_hdl, GpiObjHdl *parent) = 0¶

virtual GpiObjHdl *get_root_handle(const char *name) = 0¶

virtual GpiIterator *iterate_handle(GpiObjHdl *obj_hdl, gpi_iterator_sel_t type) = 0¶

virtual GpiCbHdl *register_timed_callback(uint64_t time_ps) = 0¶

virtual GpiCbHdl *register_readonly_callback() = 0¶

virtual GpiCbHdl *register_nexttime_callback() = 0¶

virtual GpiCbHdl *register_readwrite_callback() = 0¶

virtual int deregister_callback(GpiCbHdl *obj_hdl) = 0¶

virtual const char *reason_to_string(int reason) = 0¶

Private Members

std::string m_name¶

File python3_compat.h¶

Defines

GETSTATE(m) (&_state)¶

MODULE_ENTRY_POINT initsimulator¶

INITERROR return¶

struct module_state¶

Public Members

PyObject *error¶

File simulatormodule.c¶

Python extension to provide access to the simulator.

Uses GPI calls to interface to the simulator.

Callback Handling

Handle a callback coming from GPI

GILState before calling: Unknown

GILState after calling: Unknown

Makes one call to TAKE_GIL and one call to DROP_GIL

Returns 0 on success or 1 on a failure.

Handles a callback from the simulator, all of which call this function.

We extract the associated context and find the Python function (usually cocotb.scheduler.react) calling it with a reference to the trigger that fired. The scheduler can then call next() on all the coroutines that are waiting on that particular trigger.

TODO:

Tidy up return values
Ensure cleanup correctly in exception cases

int handle_gpi_callback(void *user_data)¶

static PyObject *log_msg(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)¶

static PyObject *register_readonly_callback(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)¶

static PyObject *register_rwsynch_callback(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)¶

static PyObject *register_nextstep_callback(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)¶

static PyObject *register_timed_callback(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)¶

static PyObject *register_value_change_callback(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)¶

static PyObject *iterate(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)¶

static PyObject *next(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)¶

static PyObject *get_signal_val_binstr(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)¶

static PyObject *get_signal_val_str(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)¶

static PyObject *get_signal_val_real(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)¶

static PyObject *get_signal_val_long(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)¶

static PyObject *set_signal_val_str(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)¶

static PyObject *set_signal_val_real(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)¶

static PyObject *set_signal_val_long(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)¶

static PyObject *get_definition_name(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)¶

static PyObject *get_definition_file(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)¶

static PyObject *get_handle_by_name(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)¶

static PyObject *get_handle_by_index(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)¶

static PyObject *get_root_handle(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)¶

static PyObject *get_name_string(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)¶

static PyObject *get_type(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)¶

static PyObject *get_const(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)¶

static PyObject *get_type_string(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)¶

static PyObject *get_sim_time(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)¶

static PyObject *get_precision(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)¶

static PyObject *get_num_elems(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)¶

static PyObject *get_range(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)¶

static PyObject *stop_simulator(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)¶

static PyObject *deregister_callback(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)¶

static PyObject *log_level(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)¶

static void add_module_constants(PyObject *simulator)¶

Typedefs

typedef int (*gpi_function_t)(const void *)¶

Functions

PyGILState_STATE TAKE_GIL(void)¶

void DROP_GIL(PyGILState_STATE state)¶

static int gpi_sim_hdl_converter(PyObject *o, gpi_sim_hdl *data)¶

static int gpi_iterator_hdl_converter(PyObject *o, gpi_iterator_hdl *data)¶

Variables

int takes = 0¶

int releases = 0¶

int sim_ending = 0¶

struct sim_time cache_time¶

struct sim_time¶

Public Members

uint32_t high¶

uint32_t low¶

File simulatormodule.h¶

Defines

COCOTB_ACTIVE_ID 0xC0C07B¶

COCOTB_INACTIVE_ID 0xDEADB175¶

MODULE_NAME “simulator”¶

Typedefs

typedef struct t_callback_data s_callback_data¶

typedef struct t_callback_data *p_callback_data¶

Functions

static PyObject *error_out(PyObject *m)¶

static PyObject *log_msg(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)

static PyObject *get_signal_val_long(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)

static PyObject *get_signal_val_real(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)

static PyObject *get_signal_val_str(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)

static PyObject *get_signal_val_binstr(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)

static PyObject *set_signal_val_long(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)

static PyObject *set_signal_val_real(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)

static PyObject *set_signal_val_str(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)

static PyObject *get_definition_name(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)

static PyObject *get_definition_file(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)

static PyObject *get_handle_by_name(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)

static PyObject *get_handle_by_index(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)

static PyObject *get_root_handle(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)

static PyObject *get_name_string(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)

static PyObject *get_type(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)

static PyObject *get_const(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)

static PyObject *get_type_string(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)

static PyObject *get_num_elems(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)

static PyObject *get_range(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)

static PyObject *register_timed_callback(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)

static PyObject *register_value_change_callback(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)

static PyObject *register_readonly_callback(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)

static PyObject *register_nextstep_callback(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)

static PyObject *register_rwsynch_callback(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)

static PyObject *stop_simulator(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)

static PyObject *iterate(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)

static PyObject *next(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)

static PyObject *get_sim_time(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)

static PyObject *get_precision(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)

static PyObject *deregister_callback(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)

static PyObject *log_level(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)

Variables

PyMethodDef SimulatorMethods[]¶

struct t_callback_data¶

Public Members

PyThreadState *_saved_thread_state¶

uint32_t id_value¶

PyObject *function¶

PyObject *args¶

PyObject *kwargs¶

gpi_sim_hdl cb_hdl¶

File simulatormodule_python2.c¶

Functions

static PyObject *error_out(PyObject *m)

PyMODINIT_FUNC MODULE_ENTRY_POINT(void)¶

Variables

char error_module[] = MODULE_NAME ".Error"

struct module_state _state¶

File simulatormodule_python3.c¶

Functions

static PyObject *error_out(PyObject *m)

static int simulator_traverse(PyObject *m, visitproc visit, void *arg)¶

static int simulator_clear(PyObject *m)¶

PyMODINIT_FUNC MODULE_ENTRY_POINT(void)

Variables

struct PyModuleDef moduledef = {PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT, MODULE_NAME, NULL, sizeof(struct module_state), SimulatorMethods, NULL, simulator_traverse, simulator_clear, NULL}¶

File sv_vpi_user.h¶

Defines

vpiPackage 600¶

vpiInterface 601¶

vpiProgram 602¶

vpiInterfaceArray 603¶

vpiProgramArray 604¶

vpiTypespec 605¶

vpiModport 606¶

vpiInterfaceTfDecl 607¶

vpiRefObj 608¶

vpiTypeParameter 609¶

vpiVarBit vpiRegBit¶

vpiLongIntVar 610¶

vpiShortIntVar 611¶

vpiIntVar 612¶

vpiShortRealVar 613¶

vpiByteVar 614¶

vpiClassVar 615¶

vpiStringVar 616¶

vpiEnumVar 617¶

vpiStructVar 618¶

vpiUnionVar 619¶

vpiBitVar 620¶

vpiLogicVar vpiReg¶

vpiArrayVar vpiRegArray¶

vpiClassObj 621¶

vpiChandleVar 622¶

vpiPackedArrayVar 623¶

vpiVirtualInterfaceVar 728¶

vpiLongIntTypespec 625¶

vpiShortRealTypespec 626¶

vpiByteTypespec 627¶

vpiShortIntTypespec 628¶

vpiIntTypespec 629¶

vpiClassTypespec 630¶

vpiStringTypespec 631¶

vpiChandleTypespec 632¶

vpiEnumTypespec 633¶

vpiEnumConst 634¶

vpiIntegerTypespec 635¶

vpiTimeTypespec 636¶

vpiRealTypespec 637¶

vpiStructTypespec 638¶

vpiUnionTypespec 639¶

vpiBitTypespec 640¶

vpiLogicTypespec 641¶

vpiArrayTypespec 642¶

vpiVoidTypespec 643¶

vpiTypespecMember 644¶

vpiPackedArrayTypespec 692¶

vpiSequenceTypespec 696¶

vpiPropertyTypespec 697¶

vpiEventTypespec 698¶

vpiClockingBlock 650¶

vpiClockingIODecl 651¶

vpiClassDefn 652¶

vpiConstraint 653¶

vpiConstraintOrdering 654¶

vpiDistItem 645¶

vpiAliasStmt 646¶

vpiThread 647¶

vpiMethodFuncCall 648¶

vpiMethodTaskCall 649¶

vpiAssert 686¶

vpiAssume 687¶

vpiCover 688¶

vpiRestrict 901¶

vpiDisableCondition 689¶

vpiClockingEvent 690¶

vpiPropertyDecl 655¶

vpiPropertySpec 656¶

vpiPropertyExpr 657¶

vpiMulticlockSequenceExpr 658¶

vpiClockedSeq 659¶

vpiClockedProp 902¶

vpiPropertyInst 660¶

vpiSequenceDecl 661¶

vpiCaseProperty 662 /* property case */¶

vpiCasePropertyItem 905 /* property case item */¶

vpiSequenceInst 664¶

vpiImmediateAssert 665¶

vpiImmediateAssume 694¶

vpiImmediateCover 695¶

vpiReturn 666¶

vpiAnyPattern 667¶

vpiTaggedPattern 668¶

vpiStructPattern 669¶

vpiDoWhile 670¶

vpiOrderedWait 671¶

vpiWaitFork 672¶

vpiDisableFork 673¶

vpiExpectStmt 674¶

vpiForeachStmt 675¶

vpiReturnStmt 691¶

vpiFinal 676¶

vpiExtends 677¶

vpiDistribution 678¶

vpiSeqFormalDecl 679¶

vpiPropFormalDecl 699¶

vpiArrayNet vpiNetArray¶

vpiEnumNet 680¶

vpiIntegerNet 681¶

vpiLogicNet vpiNet¶

vpiTimeNet 682¶

vpiStructNet 683¶

vpiBreak 684¶

vpiContinue 685¶

vpiPackedArrayNet 693¶

vpiConstraintExpr 747¶

vpiElseConst 748¶

vpiImplication 749¶

vpiConstrIf 738¶

vpiConstrIfElse 739¶

vpiConstrForEach 736¶

vpiLetDecl 903¶

vpiLetExpr 904¶

vpiActual 700¶

vpiTypedefAlias 701¶

vpiIndexTypespec 702¶

vpiBaseTypespec 703¶

vpiElemTypespec 704¶

vpiInputSkew 706¶

vpiOutputSkew 707¶

vpiGlobalClocking 708¶

vpiDefaultClocking 709¶

vpiDefaultDisableIff 710¶

vpiOrigin 713¶

vpiPrefix 714¶

vpiWith 715¶

vpiProperty 718¶

vpiValueRange 720¶

vpiPattern 721¶

vpiWeight 722¶

vpiConstraintItem 746¶

vpiTypedef 725¶

vpiImport 726¶

vpiDerivedClasses 727¶

vpiInterfaceDecl vpiVirtualInterfaceVar /* interface decl deprecated */¶

vpiMethods 730¶

vpiSolveBefore 731¶

vpiSolveAfter 732¶

vpiWaitingProcesses 734¶

vpiMessages 735¶

vpiLoopVars 737¶

vpiConcurrentAssertions 740¶

vpiMatchItem 741¶

vpiMember 742¶

vpiElement 743¶

vpiAssertion 744¶

vpiInstance 745¶

vpiTop 600¶

vpiUnit 602¶

vpiJoinType 603¶

vpiJoin 0¶

vpiJoinNone 1¶

vpiJoinAny 2¶

vpiAccessType 604¶

vpiForkJoinAcc 1¶

vpiExternAcc 2¶

vpiDPIExportAcc 3¶

vpiDPIImportAcc 4¶

vpiArrayType 606¶

vpiStaticArray 1¶

vpiDynamicArray 2¶

vpiAssocArray 3¶

vpiQueueArray 4¶

vpiArrayMember 607¶

vpiIsRandomized 608¶

vpiLocalVarDecls 609¶

vpiOpStrong 656 /* strength of temporal operator */¶

vpiRandType 610¶

vpiNotRand 1¶

vpiRand 2¶

vpiRandC 3¶

vpiPortType 611¶

vpiInterfacePort 1¶

vpiModportPort 2¶

vpiConstantVariable 612¶

vpiStructUnionMember 615¶

vpiVisibility 620¶

vpiPublicVis 1¶

vpiProtectedVis 2¶

vpiLocalVis 3¶

vpiOneStepConst 9¶

vpiUnboundedConst 10¶

vpiNullConst 11¶

vpiAlwaysType 624¶

vpiAlwaysComb 2¶

vpiAlwaysFF 3¶

vpiAlwaysLatch 4¶

vpiDistType 625¶

vpiEqualDist 1 /* constraint equal distribution */¶

vpiDivDist 2 /* constraint divided distribution */¶

vpiPacked 630¶

vpiTagged 632¶

vpiRef 6 /* Return value for vpiDirection property */¶

vpiVirtual 635¶

vpiHasActual 636¶

vpiIsConstraintEnabled 638¶

vpiSoft 639¶

vpiClassType 640¶

vpiMailboxClass 1¶

vpiSemaphoreClass 2¶

vpiUserDefinedClass 3¶

vpiProcessClass 4¶

vpiMethod 645¶

vpiIsClockInferred 649¶

vpiIsDeferred 657¶

vpiIsFinal 658¶

vpiIsCoverSequence 659¶

vpiQualifier 650¶

vpiNoQualifier 0¶

vpiUniqueQualifier 1¶

vpiPriorityQualifier 2¶

vpiTaggedQualifier 4¶

vpiRandQualifier 8¶

vpiInsideQualifier 16¶

vpiInputEdge 651 /* returns vpiNoEdge, vpiPosedge, vpiNegedge */ ¶

vpiOutputEdge 652 /* returns vpiNoEdge, vpiPosedge, vpiNegedge */ ¶

vpiGeneric 653¶

vpiCompatibilityMode 654¶

vpiMode1364v1995 1¶

vpiMode1364v2001 2¶

vpiMode1364v2005 3¶

vpiMode1800v2005 4¶

vpiMode1800v2009 5¶

vpiPackedArrayMember 655¶

vpiStartLine 661¶

vpiColumn 662¶

vpiEndLine 663¶

vpiEndColumn 664¶

vpiAllocScheme 658¶

vpiAutomaticScheme 1¶

vpiDynamicScheme 2¶

vpiOtherScheme 3¶

vpiObjId 660¶

vpiDPIPure 665¶

vpiDPIContext 666¶

vpiDPICStr 667¶

vpiDPI 1¶

vpiDPIC 2¶

vpiDPICIdentifier 668¶

vpiImplyOp 50 /* -> implication operator */¶

vpiNonOverlapImplyOp 51 /* |=> nonoverlapped implication */¶

vpiOverlapImplyOp 52 /* |-> overlapped implication operator */¶

vpiAcceptOnOp 83 /* accept_on operator */¶

vpiRejectOnOp 84 /* reject_on operator */¶

vpiSyncAcceptOnOp 85 /* sync_accept_on operator */¶

vpiSyncRejectOnOp 86 /* sync_reject_on operator */¶

vpiOverlapFollowedByOp 87 /* overlapped followed_by operator */¶

vpiNonOverlapFollowedByOp 88 /* nonoverlapped followed_by operator */¶

vpiNexttimeOp 89 /* nexttime operator */¶

vpiAlwaysOp 90 /* always operator */¶

vpiEventuallyOp 91 /* eventually operator */¶

vpiUntilOp 92 /* until operator */¶

vpiUntilWithOp 93 /* until_with operator */¶

vpiUnaryCycleDelayOp 53 /* binary cycle delay (##) operator */¶

vpiCycleDelayOp 54 /* binary cycle delay (##) operator */¶

vpiIntersectOp 55 /* intersection operator */¶

vpiFirstMatchOp 56 /* first_match operator */¶

vpiThroughoutOp 57 /* throughout operator */¶

vpiWithinOp 58 /* within operator */¶

vpiRepeatOp 59 /* [=] nonconsecutive repetition */¶

vpiConsecutiveRepeatOp 60 /* [*] consecutive repetition */¶

vpiGotoRepeatOp 61 /* [->] goto repetition */¶

vpiPostIncOp 62 /* ++ post-increment */¶

vpiPreIncOp 63 /* ++ pre-increment */¶

vpiPostDecOp 64 /* – post-decrement */¶

vpiPreDecOp 65 /* – pre-decrement */¶

vpiMatchOp 66 /* match() operator */¶

vpiCastOp 67 /* type’() operator */¶

vpiIffOp 68 /* iff operator */¶

vpiWildEqOp 69 /* ==? operator */¶

vpiWildNeqOp 70 /* !=? operator */¶

vpiStreamLROp 71 /* left-to-right streaming {>>} operator */¶

vpiStreamRLOp 72 /* right-to-left streaming {<<} operator */¶

vpiMatchedOp 73 /* the .matched sequence operation */¶

vpiTriggeredOp 74 /* the .triggered sequence operation */¶

vpiAssignmentPatternOp 75 /* ‘{} assignment pattern */¶

vpiMultiAssignmentPatternOp 76 /* ‘{n{}} multi assignment pattern */¶

vpiIfOp 77 /* if operator */¶

vpiIfElseOp 78 /* if/else operator */¶

vpiCompAndOp 79 /* Composite and operator */¶

vpiCompOrOp 80 /* Composite or operator */¶

vpiImpliesOp 94 /* implies operator */¶

vpiInsideOp 95 /* inside operator */¶

vpiTypeOp 81 /* type operator */¶

vpiAssignmentOp 82 /* Normal assignment */¶

vpiOtherFunc 6 /* returns other types; for property vpiFuncType */¶

vpiValidUnknown 2 /* Validity of variable is unknown */¶

cbStartOfThread 600 /* callback on thread creation */¶

cbEndOfThread 601 /* callback on thread termination */¶

cbEnterThread 602 /* callback on reentering thread */¶

cbStartOfFrame 603 /* callback on frame creation */¶

cbEndOfFrame 604 /* callback on frame exit */¶

cbSizeChange 605 /* callback on array variable size change */¶

cbCreateObj 700 /* callback on class object creation */¶

cbReclaimObj 701 /* callback on class object reclaimed by automatic memory management */¶

cbEndOfObject 702 /* callback on transient object deletion */¶

vpiCoverageStart 750¶

vpiCoverageStOp 751¶

vpiCoverageReset 752¶

vpiCoverageCheck 753¶

vpiCoverageMerge 754¶

vpiCoverageSave 755¶

vpiAssertCoverage 760¶

vpiFsmStateCoverage 761¶

vpiStatementCoverage 762¶

vpiToggleCoverage 763¶

vpiCovered 765¶

vpiCoverMax 766¶

vpiCoveredCount 767¶

vpiAssertAttemptCovered 770¶

vpiAssertSuccessCovered 771¶

vpiAssertFailureCovered 772¶

vpiAssertVacuousSuccessCovered 773¶

vpiAssertDisableCovered 774¶

vpiAssertKillCovered 777¶

vpiFsmStates 775¶

vpiFsmStateExpression 776¶

vpiFsm 758¶

vpiFsmHandle 759¶

cbAssertionStart 606¶

cbAssertionSuccess 607¶

cbAssertionFailure 608¶

cbAssertionVacuousSuccess 657¶

cbAssertionDisabledEvaluation 658¶

cbAssertionStepSuccess 609¶

cbAssertionStepFailure 610¶

cbAssertionLock 661¶

cbAssertionUnlock 662¶

cbAssertionDisable 611¶

cbAssertionEnable 612¶

cbAssertionReset 613¶

cbAssertionKill 614¶

cbAssertionEnablePassAction 645¶

cbAssertionEnableFailAction 646¶

cbAssertionDisablePassAction 647¶

cbAssertionDisableFailAction 648¶

cbAssertionEnableNonvacuousAction 649¶

cbAssertionDisableVacuousAction 650¶

cbAssertionSysInitialized 615¶

cbAssertionSysOn 616¶

cbAssertionSysOff 617¶

cbAssertionSysKill 631¶

cbAssertionSysLock 659¶

cbAssertionSysUnlock 660¶

cbAssertionSysEnd 618¶

cbAssertionSysReset 619¶

cbAssertionSysEnablePassAction 651¶

cbAssertionSysEnableFailAction 652¶

cbAssertionSysDisablePassAction 653¶

cbAssertionSysDisableFailAction 654¶

cbAssertionSysEnableNonvacuousAction 655¶

cbAssertionSysDisableVacuousAction 656¶

vpiAssertionLock 645¶

vpiAssertionUnlock 646¶

vpiAssertionDisable 620¶

vpiAssertionEnable 621¶

vpiAssertionReset 622¶

vpiAssertionKill 623¶

vpiAssertionEnableStep 624¶

vpiAssertionDisableStep 625¶

vpiAssertionClockSteps 626¶

vpiAssertionSysLock 647¶

vpiAssertionSysUnlock 648¶

vpiAssertionSysOn 627¶

vpiAssertionSysOff 628¶

vpiAssertionSysKill 632¶

vpiAssertionSysEnd 629¶

vpiAssertionSysReset 630¶

vpiAssertionDisablePassAction 633¶

vpiAssertionEnablePassAction 634¶

vpiAssertionDisableFailAction 635¶

vpiAssertionEnableFailAction 636¶

vpiAssertionDisableVacuousAction 637¶

vpiAssertionEnableNonvacuousAction 638¶

vpiAssertionSysEnablePassAction 639¶

vpiAssertionSysEnableFailAction 640¶

vpiAssertionSysDisablePassAction 641¶

vpiAssertionSysDisableFailAction 642¶

vpiAssertionSysEnableNonvacuousAction 643¶

vpiAssertionSysDisableVacuousAction 644¶

Typedefs

typedef struct t_vpi_assertion_step_info s_vpi_assertion_step_info¶

typedef struct t_vpi_assertion_step_info *p_vpi_assertion_step_info¶

typedef struct t_vpi_attempt_info s_vpi_attempt_info¶

typedef struct t_vpi_attempt_info *p_vpi_attempt_info¶

typedef PLI_INT32() vpi_assertion_callback_func(PLI_INT32 reason, p_vpi_time cb_time, vpiHandle assertion, p_vpi_attempt_info info, PLI_BYTE8 *user_data)

Functions

vpiHandle vpi_register_assertion_cb(vpiHandle assertion, PLI_INT32 reason, vpi_assertion_callback_func *cb_rtn, PLI_BYTE8 *user_data)¶

struct t_vpi_assertion_step_info¶

Public Members

PLI_INT32 matched_expression_count¶

vpiHandle *matched_exprs¶

PLI_INT32 stateFrom¶

PLI_INT32 stateTo¶

struct t_vpi_attempt_info¶

Public Members

vpiHandle failExpr¶

p_vpi_assertion_step_info step¶

union t_vpi_attempt_info::[anonymous] detail¶

s_vpi_time attemptStartTime¶

File verilator.cpp¶

Functions

double sc_time_stamp()¶

void vlog_startup_routines_bootstrap(void)

int main(int argc, char **argv)¶

Variables

vluint64_t main_time = 0¶

File vhpi_user.h¶

Defines

PLI_DLLISPEC¶

PLI_DLLESPEC¶

PLI_EXTERN¶

PLI_VEXTERN extern¶

PLI_PROTOTYPES¶

XXTERN PLI_EXTERN PLI_DLLISPEC¶

EETERN PLI_EXTERN PLI_DLLESPEC¶

VHPI_TYPES¶

PLI_TYPES¶

vhpiUndefined -1¶

vhpiU 0 /* uninitialized */¶

vhpiX 1 /* unknown */¶

vhpi0 2 /* forcing 0 */¶

vhpi1 3 /* forcing 1 */¶

vhpiZ 4 /* high impedance */¶

vhpiW 5 /* weak unknown */¶

vhpiL 6 /* weak 0 */¶

vhpiH 7 /* weak 1 */¶

vhpiDontCare 8 /* don’t care */¶

vhpibit0 0 /* bit 0 */¶

vhpibit1 1 /* bit 1 */¶

vhpiFalse 0 /* false */¶

vhpiTrue 1 /* true */¶

vhpiCbValueChange 1001¶

vhpiCbForce 1002¶

vhpiCbRelease 1003¶

vhpiCbTransaction 1004 /* optional callback reason */¶

vhpiCbStmt 1005¶

vhpiCbResume 1006¶

vhpiCbSuspend 1007¶

vhpiCbStartOfSubpCall 1008¶

vhpiCbEndOfSubpCall 1009¶

vhpiCbAfterDelay 1010¶

vhpiCbRepAfterDelay 1011¶

vhpiCbNextTimeStep 1012¶

vhpiCbRepNextTimeStep 1013¶

vhpiCbStartOfNextCycle 1014¶

vhpiCbRepStartOfNextCycle 1015¶

vhpiCbStartOfProcesses 1016¶

vhpiCbRepStartOfProcesses 1017¶

vhpiCbEndOfProcesses 1018¶

vhpiCbRepEndOfProcesses 1019¶

vhpiCbLastKnownDeltaCycle 1020¶

vhpiCbRepLastKnownDeltaCycle 1021¶

vhpiCbStartOfPostponed 1022¶

vhpiCbRepStartOfPostponed 1023¶

vhpiCbEndOfTimeStep 1024¶

vhpiCbRepEndOfTimeStep 1025¶

vhpiCbStartOfTool 1026¶

vhpiCbEndOfTool 1027¶

vhpiCbStartOfAnalysis 1028¶

vhpiCbEndOfAnalysis 1029¶

vhpiCbStartOfElaboration 1030¶

vhpiCbEndOfElaboration 1031¶

vhpiCbStartOfInitialization 1032¶

vhpiCbEndOfInitialization 1033¶

vhpiCbStartOfSimulation 1034¶

vhpiCbEndOfSimulation 1035¶

vhpiCbQuiescense 1036 /* repetitive */¶

vhpiCbPLIError 1037 /* repetitive */¶

vhpiCbStartOfSave 1038¶

vhpiCbEndOfSave 1039¶

vhpiCbStartOfRestart 1040¶

vhpiCbEndOfRestart 1041¶

vhpiCbStartOfReset 1042¶

vhpiCbEndOfReset 1043¶

vhpiCbEnterInteractive 1044 /* repetitive */¶

vhpiCbExitInteractive 1045 /* repetitive */¶

vhpiCbSigInterrupt 1046 /* repetitive */¶

vhpiCbTimeOut 1047 /* non repetitive */¶

vhpiCbRepTimeOut 1048 /* repetitive */¶

vhpiCbSensitivity 1049 /* repetitive */¶

vhpiReturnCb 0x00000001¶

vhpiDisableCb 0x00000010¶

VHPI_SENS_ZERO(sens) vhpi_sens_zero(sens)¶

VHPI_SENS_SET(obj, sens) vhpi_sens_set(obj, sens)¶

VHPI_SENS_CLR(obj, sens) vhpi_sens_clr(obj, sens)¶

VHPI_SENS_ISSET(obj, sens) vhpi_sens_isset(obj, sens)¶

VHPI_SENS_FIRST(sens) vhpi_sens_first(sens)¶

vhpiNoActivity -1¶

Typedefs

typedef uint32_t *vhpiHandleT¶

typedef uint32_t vhpiEnumT¶

typedef uint8_t vhpiSmallEnumT¶

typedef uint32_t vhpiIntT¶

typedef uint64_t vhpiLongIntT¶

typedef char vhpiCharT¶

typedef double vhpiRealT¶

typedef uint32_t vhpiSmallPhysT¶

typedef struct vhpiPhysS vhpiPhysT¶

typedef int PLI_INT32¶

typedef unsigned int PLI_UINT32¶

typedef short PLI_INT16¶

typedef unsigned short PLI_UINT16¶

typedef char PLI_BYTE8¶

typedef unsigned char PLI_UBYTE8¶

typedef void PLI_VOID¶

typedef struct vhpiTimeS vhpiTimeT¶

typedef struct vhpiValueS vhpiValueT¶

typedef struct vhpiErrorInfoS vhpiErrorInfoT¶

typedef struct vhpiCbDataS vhpiCbDataT¶

typedef int (*vhpiUserFctT)(void)¶

typedef struct vhpiForeignDataS vhpiForeignDataT¶

typedef void (*vhpiBootstrapFctT)(void)¶

Enums

enum vhpiFormatT¶

Values:

vhpiBinStrVal = 1¶

vhpiOctStrVal = 2¶

vhpiDecStrVal = 3¶

vhpiHexStrVal = 4¶

vhpiEnumVal = 5¶

vhpiIntVal = 6¶

vhpiLogicVal = 7¶

vhpiRealVal = 8¶

vhpiStrVal = 9¶

vhpiCharVal = 10¶

vhpiTimeVal = 11¶

vhpiPhysVal = 12¶

vhpiObjTypeVal = 13¶

vhpiPtrVal = 14¶

vhpiEnumVecVal = 15¶

vhpiIntVecVal = 16¶

vhpiLogicVecVal = 17¶

vhpiRealVecVal = 18¶

vhpiTimeVecVal = 19¶

vhpiPhysVecVal = 20¶

vhpiPtrVecVal = 21¶

vhpiRawDataVal = 22¶

vhpiSmallEnumVal = 23¶

vhpiSmallEnumVecVal = 24¶

vhpiLongIntVal = 25¶

vhpiLongIntVecVal = 26¶

vhpiSmallPhysVal = 27¶

vhpiSmallPhysVecVal = 28¶

enum vhpiClassKindT¶

Values:

vhpiAccessTypeDeclK = 1001¶

vhpiAggregateK = 1002¶

vhpiAliasDeclK = 1003¶

vhpiAllK = 1004¶

vhpiAllocatorK = 1005¶

vhpiAnyCollectionK = 1006¶

vhpiArchBodyK = 1007¶

vhpiArgvK = 1008¶

vhpiArrayTypeDeclK = 1009¶

vhpiAssertStmtK = 1010¶

vhpiAssocElemK = 1011¶

vhpiAttrDeclK = 1012¶

vhpiAttrSpecK = 1013¶

vhpiBinaryExprK = 1014¶

vhpiBitStringLiteralK = 1015¶

vhpiBlockConfigK = 1016¶

vhpiBlockStmtK = 1017¶

vhpiBranchK = 1018¶

vhpiCallbackK = 1019¶

vhpiCaseStmtK = 1020¶

vhpiCharLiteralK = 1021¶

vhpiCompConfigK = 1022¶

vhpiCompDeclK = 1023¶

vhpiCompInstStmtK = 1024¶

vhpiCondSigAssignStmtK = 1025¶

vhpiCondWaveformK = 1026¶

vhpiConfigDeclK = 1027¶

vhpiConstDeclK = 1028¶

vhpiConstParamDeclK = 1029¶

vhpiConvFuncK = 1030¶

vhpiDerefObjK = 1031¶

vhpiDisconnectSpecK = 1032¶

vhpiDriverK = 1033¶

vhpiDriverCollectionK = 1034¶

vhpiElemAssocK = 1035¶

vhpiElemDeclK = 1036¶

vhpiEntityClassEntryK = 1037¶

vhpiEntityDeclK = 1038¶

vhpiEnumLiteralK = 1039¶

vhpiEnumRangeK = 1040¶

vhpiEnumTypeDeclK = 1041¶

vhpiExitStmtK = 1042¶

vhpiFileDeclK = 1043¶

vhpiFileParamDeclK = 1044¶

vhpiFileTypeDeclK = 1045¶

vhpiFloatRangeK = 1046¶

vhpiFloatTypeDeclK = 1047¶

vhpiForGenerateK = 1048¶

vhpiForLoopK = 1049¶

vhpiForeignfK = 1050¶

vhpiFuncCallK = 1051¶

vhpiFuncDeclK = 1052¶

vhpiGenericDeclK = 1053¶

vhpiGroupDeclK = 1054¶

vhpiGroupTempDeclK = 1055¶

vhpiIfGenerateK = 1056¶

vhpiIfStmtK = 1057¶

vhpiInPortK = 1058¶

vhpiIndexedNameK = 1059¶

vhpiIntLiteralK = 1060¶

vhpiIntRangeK = 1061¶

vhpiIntTypeDeclK = 1062¶

vhpiIteratorK = 1063¶

vhpiLibraryDeclK = 1064¶

vhpiLoopStmtK = 1065¶

vhpiNextStmtK = 1066¶

vhpiNullLiteralK = 1067¶

vhpiNullStmtK = 1068¶

vhpiOperatorK = 1069¶

vhpiOthersK = 1070¶

vhpiOutPortK = 1071¶

vhpiPackBodyK = 1072¶

vhpiPackDeclK = 1073¶

vhpiPackInstK = 1074¶

vhpiParamAttrNameK = 1075¶

vhpiPhysLiteralK = 1076¶

vhpiPhysRangeK = 1077¶

vhpiPhysTypeDeclK = 1078¶

vhpiPortDeclK = 1079¶

vhpiProcCallStmtK = 1080¶

vhpiProcDeclK = 1081¶

vhpiProcessStmtK = 1082¶

vhpiProtectedTypeK = 1083¶

vhpiProtectedTypeBodyK = 1084¶

vhpiProtectedTypeDeclK = 1085¶

vhpiRealLiteralK = 1086¶

vhpiRecordTypeDeclK = 1087¶

vhpiReportStmtK = 1088¶

vhpiReturnStmtK = 1089¶

vhpiRootInstK = 1090¶

vhpiSelectSigAssignStmtK = 1091¶

vhpiSelectWaveformK = 1092¶

vhpiSelectedNameK = 1093¶

vhpiSigDeclK = 1094¶

vhpiSigParamDeclK = 1095¶

vhpiSimpAttrNameK = 1096¶

vhpiSimpleSigAssignStmtK = 1097¶

vhpiSliceNameK = 1098¶

vhpiStringLiteralK = 1099¶

vhpiSubpBodyK = 1100¶

vhpiSubtypeDeclK = 1101¶

vhpiSubtypeIndicK = 1102¶

vhpiToolK = 1103¶

vhpiTransactionK = 1104¶

vhpiTypeConvK = 1105¶

vhpiUnaryExprK = 1106¶

vhpiUnitDeclK = 1107¶

vhpiUserAttrNameK = 1108¶

vhpiVarAssignStmtK = 1109¶

vhpiVarDeclK = 1110¶

vhpiVarParamDeclK = 1111¶

vhpiWaitStmtK = 1112¶

vhpiWaveformElemK = 1113¶

vhpiWhileLoopK = 1114¶

vhpiQualifiedExprK = 1115¶

vhpiUseClauseK = 1116¶

vhpiVerilog = 1117¶

vhpiEdifUnit = 1118¶

vhpiCollectionK = 1119¶

vhpiVHDL = 1120¶

vhpiSystemC = 1121¶

enum vhpiOneToOneT¶

Values:

vhpiAbstractLiteral = 1301¶

vhpiActual = 1302¶

vhpiAll = 1303¶

vhpiAttrDecl = 1304¶

vhpiAttrSpec = 1305¶

vhpiBaseType = 1306¶

vhpiBaseUnit = 1307¶

vhpiBasicSignal = 1308¶

vhpiBlockConfig = 1309¶

vhpiCaseExpr = 1310¶

vhpiCondExpr = 1311¶

vhpiConfigDecl = 1312¶

vhpiConfigSpec = 1313¶

vhpiConstraint = 1314¶

vhpiContributor = 1315¶

vhpiCurCallback = 1316¶

vhpiCurEqProcess = 1317¶

vhpiCurStackFrame = 1318¶

vhpiDerefObj = 1319¶

vhpiDecl = 1320¶

vhpiDesignUnit = 1321¶

vhpiDownStack = 1322¶

vhpiElemSubtype = 1323¶

vhpiEntityAspect = 1324¶

vhpiEntityDecl = 1325¶

vhpiEqProcessStmt = 1326¶

vhpiExpr = 1327¶

vhpiFormal = 1328¶

vhpiFuncDecl = 1329¶

vhpiGroupTempDecl = 1330¶

vhpiGuardExpr = 1331¶

vhpiGuardSig = 1332¶

vhpiImmRegion = 1333¶

vhpiInPort = 1334¶

vhpiInitExpr = 1335¶

vhpiIterScheme = 1336¶

vhpiLeftExpr = 1337¶

vhpiLexicalScope = 1338¶

vhpiLhsExpr = 1339¶

vhpiLocal = 1340¶

vhpiLogicalExpr = 1341¶

vhpiName = 1342¶

vhpiOperator = 1343¶

vhpiOthers = 1344¶

vhpiOutPort = 1345¶

vhpiParamDecl = 1346¶

vhpiParamExpr = 1347¶

vhpiParent = 1348¶

vhpiPhysLiteral = 1349¶

vhpiPrefix = 1350¶

vhpiPrimaryUnit = 1351¶

vhpiProtectedTypeBody = 1352¶

vhpiProtectedTypeDecl = 1353¶

vhpiRejectTime = 1354¶

vhpiReportExpr = 1355¶

vhpiResolFunc = 1356¶

vhpiReturnExpr = 1357¶

vhpiReturnTypeMark = 1358¶

vhpiRhsExpr = 1359¶

vhpiRightExpr = 1360¶

vhpiRootInst = 1361¶

vhpiSelectExpr = 1362¶

vhpiSeverityExpr = 1363¶

vhpiSimpleName = 1364¶

vhpiSubpBody = 1365¶

vhpiSubpDecl = 1366¶

vhpiSubtype = 1367¶

vhpiSuffix = 1368¶

vhpiTimeExpr = 1369¶

vhpiTimeOutExpr = 1370¶

vhpiTool = 1371¶

vhpiType = 1372¶

vhpiTypeMark = 1373¶

vhpiTypespec¶

vhpiUnitDecl = 1374¶

vhpiUpStack = 1375¶

vhpiUpperRegion = 1376¶

vhpiUse = 1377¶

vhpiValExpr = 1378¶

vhpiValSubtype = 1379¶

vhpiElemType = 1380¶

vhpiFirstNamedType = 1381¶

vhpiReturnType = 1382¶

vhpiValType = 1383¶

vhpiCurRegion = 1384¶

enum vhpiOneToManyT¶

Values:

vhpiAliasDecls = 1501¶

vhpiArgvs = 1502¶

vhpiAttrDecls = 1503¶

vhpiAttrSpecs = 1504¶

vhpiBasicSignals = 1505¶

vhpiBlockStmts = 1506¶

vhpiBranchs = 1507¶

vhpiChoices = 1509¶

vhpiCompInstStmts = 1510¶

vhpiCondExprs = 1511¶

vhpiCondWaveforms = 1512¶

vhpiConfigItems = 1513¶

vhpiConfigSpecs = 1514¶

vhpiConstDecls = 1515¶

vhpiConstraints = 1516¶

vhpiContributors = 1517¶

vhpiDecls = 1519¶

vhpiDepUnits = 1520¶

vhpiDesignUnits = 1521¶

vhpiDrivenSigs = 1522¶

vhpiDrivers = 1523¶

vhpiElemAssocs = 1524¶

vhpiEntityClassEntrys = 1525¶

vhpiEntityDesignators = 1526¶

vhpiEnumLiterals = 1527¶

vhpiForeignfs = 1528¶

vhpiGenericAssocs = 1529¶

vhpiGenericDecls = 1530¶

vhpiIndexExprs = 1531¶

vhpiIndexedNames = 1532¶

vhpiInternalRegions = 1533¶

vhpiMembers = 1534¶

vhpiPackInsts = 1535¶

vhpiParamAssocs = 1536¶

vhpiParamDecls = 1537¶

vhpiPortAssocs = 1538¶

vhpiPortDecls = 1539¶

vhpiRecordElems = 1540¶

vhpiSelectWaveforms = 1541¶

vhpiSelectedNames = 1542¶

vhpiSensitivitys = 1543¶

vhpiSeqStmts = 1544¶

vhpiSigAttrs = 1545¶

vhpiSigDecls = 1546¶

vhpiSigNames = 1547¶

vhpiSignals = 1548¶

vhpiSpecNames = 1549¶

vhpiSpecs = 1550¶

vhpiStmts = 1551¶

vhpiTransactions = 1552¶

vhpiTypeMarks = 1553¶

vhpiUnitDecls = 1554¶

vhpiUses = 1555¶

vhpiVarDecls = 1556¶

vhpiWaveformElems = 1557¶

vhpiLibraryDecls = 1558¶

vhpiLocalLoads = 1559¶

vhpiOptimizedLoads = 1560¶

vhpiTypes = 1561¶

vhpiUseClauses = 1562¶

vhpiCallbacks = 1563¶

vhpiCurRegions = 1564¶

enum vhpiIntPropertyT¶

Values:

vhpiAccessP = 1001¶

vhpiArgcP = 1002¶

vhpiAttrKindP = 1003¶

vhpiBaseIndexP = 1004¶

vhpiBeginLineNoP = 1005¶

vhpiEndLineNoP = 1006¶

vhpiEntityClassP = 1007¶

vhpiForeignKindP = 1008¶

vhpiFrameLevelP = 1009¶

vhpiGenerateIndexP = 1010¶

vhpiIntValP = 1011¶

vhpiIsAnonymousP = 1012¶

vhpiIsBasicP = 1013¶

vhpiIsCompositeP = 1014¶

vhpiIsDefaultP = 1015¶

vhpiIsDeferredP = 1016¶

vhpiIsDiscreteP = 1017¶

vhpiIsForcedP = 1018¶

vhpiIsForeignP = 1019¶

vhpiIsGuardedP = 1020¶

vhpiIsImplicitDeclP = 1021¶

vhpiIsInvalidP = 1022¶

vhpiIsLocalP = 1023¶

vhpiIsNamedP = 1024¶

vhpiIsNullP = 1025¶

vhpiIsOpenP = 1026¶

vhpiIsPLIP = 1027¶

vhpiIsPassiveP = 1028¶

vhpiIsPostponedP = 1029¶

vhpiIsProtectedTypeP = 1030¶

vhpiIsPureP = 1031¶

vhpiIsResolvedP = 1032¶

vhpiIsScalarP = 1033¶

vhpiIsSeqStmtP = 1034¶

vhpiIsSharedP = 1035¶

vhpiIsTransportP = 1036¶

vhpiIsUnaffectedP = 1037¶

vhpiIsUnconstrainedP = 1038¶

vhpiIsUninstantiatedP = 1039¶

vhpiIsUpP = 1040¶

vhpiIsVitalP = 1041¶

vhpiIteratorTypeP = 1042¶

vhpiKindP = 1043¶

vhpiLeftBoundP = 1044¶

vhpiLevelP = 1045¶

vhpiLineNoP = 1046¶

vhpiLineOffsetP = 1047¶

vhpiLoopIndexP = 1048¶

vhpiModeP = 1049¶

vhpiNumDimensionsP = 1050¶

vhpiNumFieldsP = 1051¶

vhpiNumGensP = 1052¶

vhpiNumLiteralsP = 1053¶

vhpiNumMembersP = 1054¶

vhpiNumParamsP = 1055¶

vhpiNumPortsP = 1056¶

vhpiOpenModeP = 1057¶

vhpiPhaseP = 1058¶

vhpiPositionP = 1059¶

vhpiPredefAttrP = 1060¶

vhpiReasonP = 1062¶

vhpiRightBoundP = 1063¶

vhpiSigKindP = 1064¶

vhpiSizeP = 1065¶

vhpiStartLineNoP = 1066¶

vhpiStateP = 1067¶

vhpiStaticnessP = 1068¶

vhpiVHDLversionP = 1069¶

vhpiIdP = 1070¶

vhpiCapabilitiesP = 1071¶

vhpiIsStdLogicP = 1072¶

vhpiIsStdULogicP = 1073¶

vhpiIsStdLogicVectorP = 1074¶

vhpiIsStdULogicVectorP = 1075¶

vhpiLanguageP = 1200¶

enum vhpiStrPropertyT¶

Values:

vhpiCaseNameP = 1301¶

vhpiCompNameP = 1302¶

vhpiDefNameP = 1303¶

vhpiFileNameP = 1304¶

vhpiFullCaseNameP = 1305¶

vhpiFullNameP = 1306¶

vhpiKindStrP = 1307¶

vhpiLabelNameP = 1308¶

vhpiLibLogicalNameP = 1309¶

vhpiLibPhysicalNameP = 1310¶

vhpiLogicalNameP = 1311¶

vhpiLoopLabelNameP = 1312¶

vhpiNameP = 1313¶

vhpiOpNameP = 1314¶

vhpiStrValP = 1315¶

vhpiToolVersionP = 1316¶

vhpiUnitNameP = 1317¶

vhpiSaveRestartLocationP = 1318¶

vhpiFullVlogNameP = 1500¶

vhpiFullVHDLNameP = 1501¶

vhpiFullLSNameP = 1502¶

vhpiFullLSCaseNameP = 1503¶

enum vhpiRealPropertyT¶

Values:

vhpiFloatLeftBoundP = 1601¶

vhpiFloatRightBoundP = 1602¶

vhpiRealValP = 1603¶

enum vhpiPhysPropertyT¶

Values:

vhpiPhysLeftBoundP = 1651¶

vhpiPhysPositionP = 1652¶

vhpiPhysRightBoundP = 1653¶

vhpiPhysValP = 1654¶

vhpiPrecisionP = 1655¶

vhpiSimTimeUnitP = 1656¶

vhpiResolutionLimitP = 1657¶

enum vhpiCapabibilityT¶

Values:

vhpiProvidesHierarchy = 1¶

vhpiProvidesStaticAccess = 2¶

vhpiProvidesConnectivity = 4¶

vhpiProvidesPostAnalysis = 8¶

vhpiProvidesForeignModel = 16¶

vhpiProvidesAdvancedForeignModel = 32¶

vhpiProvidesSaveRestart = 64¶

vhpiProvidesReset = 128¶

vhpiProvidesDebugRuntime = 256¶

vhpiProvidesAdvancedDebugRuntime = 512¶

vhpiProvidesDynamicElab = 1024¶

enum vhpiOpenModeT¶

Values:

vhpiInOpen = 1001¶

vhpiOutOpen = 1002¶

vhpiReadOpen = 1003¶

vhpiWriteOpen = 1004¶

vhpiAppendOpen = 1005¶

enum vhpiModeT¶

Values:

vhpiInMode = 1001¶

vhpiOutMode = 1002¶

vhpiInoutMode = 1003¶

vhpiBufferMode = 1004¶

vhpiLinkageMode = 1005¶

enum vhpiSigKindT¶

Values:

vhpiRegister = 1001¶

vhpiBus = 1002¶

vhpiNormal = 1003¶

enum vhpiStaticnessT¶

Values:

vhpiLocallyStatic = 1001¶

vhpiGloballyStatic = 1002¶

vhpiDynamic = 1003¶

enum vhpiPredefAttrT¶

Values:

vhpiActivePA = 1001¶

vhpiAscendingPA = 1002¶

vhpiBasePA = 1003¶

vhpiDelayedPA = 1004¶

vhpiDrivingPA = 1005¶

vhpiDriving_valuePA = 1006¶

vhpiEventPA = 1007¶

vhpiHighPA = 1008¶

vhpiImagePA = 1009¶

vhpiInstance_namePA = 1010¶

vhpiLast_activePA = 1011¶

vhpiLast_eventPA = 1012¶

vhpiLast_valuePA = 1013¶

vhpiLeftPA = 1014¶

vhpiLeftofPA = 1015¶

vhpiLengthPA = 1016¶

vhpiLowPA = 1017¶

vhpiPath_namePA = 1018¶

vhpiPosPA = 1019¶

vhpiPredPA = 1020¶

vhpiQuietPA = 1021¶

vhpiRangePA = 1022¶

vhpiReverse_rangePA = 1023¶

vhpiRightPA = 1024¶

vhpiRightofPA = 1025¶

vhpiSimple_namePA = 1026¶

vhpiStablePA = 1027¶

vhpiSuccPA = 1028¶

vhpiTransactionPA = 1029¶

vhpiValPA = 1030¶

vhpiValuePA = 1031¶

enum vhpiAttrKindT¶

Values:

vhpiFunctionAK = 1¶

vhpiRangeAK = 2¶

vhpiSignalAK = 3¶

vhpiTypeAK = 4¶

vhpiValueAK = 5¶

enum vhpiEntityClassT¶

Values:

vhpiEntityEC = 1001¶

vhpiArchitectureEC = 1002¶

vhpiConfigurationEC = 1003¶

vhpiProcedureEC = 1004¶

vhpiFunctionEC = 1005¶

vhpiPackageEC = 1006¶

vhpiTypeEC = 1007¶

vhpiSubtypeEC = 1008¶

vhpiConstantEC = 1009¶

vhpiSignalEC = 1010¶

vhpiVariableEC = 1011¶

vhpiComponentEC = 1012¶

vhpiLabelEC = 1013¶

vhpiLiteralEC = 1014¶

vhpiUnitsEC = 1015¶

vhpiFileEC = 1016¶

vhpiGroupEC = 1017¶

enum vhpiAccessT¶

Values:

vhpiRead = 1¶

vhpiWrite = 2¶

vhpiConnectivity = 4¶

vhpiNoAccess = 8¶

enum vhpiStateT¶

Values:

vhpiEnable¶

vhpiDisable¶

vhpiMature¶

enum vhpiCompInstKindT¶

Values:

vhpiDirect¶

vhpiComp¶

vhpiConfig¶

enum vhpiPhaseT¶

Values:

vhpiRegistrationPhase = 1¶

vhpiAnalysisPhase = 2¶

vhpiElaborationPhase = 3¶

vhpiInitializationPhase = 4¶

vhpiSimulationPhase = 5¶

vhpiTerminationPhase = 6¶

vhpiSavePhase = 7¶

vhpiRestartPhase = 8¶

vhpiResetPhase = 9¶

enum vhpiSeverityT¶

Values:

vhpiNote = 1¶

vhpiWarning = 2¶

vhpiError = 3¶

vhpiFailure = 6¶

vhpiSystem = 4¶

vhpiInternal = 5¶

enum vhpiAutomaticRestoreT¶

Values:

vhpiRestoreAll = 1¶

vhpiRestoreUserData = 2¶

vhpiRestoreHandles = 4¶

vhpiRestoreCallbacks = 8¶

enum vhpiPutValueModeT¶

Values:

vhpiDeposit¶

vhpiDepositPropagate¶

vhpiForce¶

vhpiForcePropagate¶

vhpiRelease¶

vhpiSizeConstraint¶

enum vhpiDelayModeT¶

Values:

vhpiInertial¶

vhpiTransport¶

enum vhpiSimControlT¶

Values:

vhpiStop = 0¶

vhpiFinish = 1¶

vhpiReset = 2¶

enum vhpiForeignT¶

Values:

vhpiArchF = 1¶

vhpiArchFK = 1¶

vhpiFuncF = 2¶

vhpiFuncFK = 2¶

vhpiProcF = 3¶

vhpiProcFK = 3¶

vhpiLibF = 4¶

vhpiAppF = 5¶

Functions

XXTERN int vhpi_assert(vhpiSeverityT severity, const char * formatmsg, ...)

XXTERN vhpiHandleT vhpi_register_cb(vhpiCbDataT * cb_data_p, int32_t flags)

XXTERN int vhpi_remove_cb(vhpiHandleT cb_obj)

XXTERN int vhpi_disable_cb(vhpiHandleT cb_obj)

XXTERN int vhpi_enable_cb(vhpiHandleT cb_obj)

XXTERN int vhpi_get_cb_info(vhpiHandleT object, vhpiCbDataT * cb_data_p)

XXTERN int vhpi_sens_first(vhpiValueT * sens)

XXTERN int vhpi_sens_zero(vhpiValueT * sens)

XXTERN int vhpi_sens_clr(int obj, vhpiValueT * sens)

XXTERN int vhpi_sens_set(int obj, vhpiValueT * sens)

XXTERN int vhpi_sens_isset(int obj, vhpiValueT * sens)

XXTERN vhpiHandleT vhpi_handle_by_name(const char * name, vhpiHandleT scope)

XXTERN vhpiHandleT vhpi_handle_by_index(vhpiOneToManyT itRel, vhpiHandleT parent, int32_t indx)

XXTERN vhpiHandleT vhpi_handle(vhpiOneToOneT type, vhpiHandleT referenceHandle)

XXTERN vhpiHandleT vhpi_iterator(vhpiOneToManyT type, vhpiHandleT referenceHandle)

XXTERN vhpiHandleT vhpi_scan(vhpiHandleT iterator)

XXTERN vhpiIntT vhpi_get(vhpiIntPropertyT property, vhpiHandleT object)

XXTERN const vhpiCharT* vhpi_get_str(vhpiStrPropertyT property, vhpiHandleT object)

XXTERN vhpiRealT vhpi_get_real(vhpiRealPropertyT property, vhpiHandleT object)

XXTERN vhpiPhysT vhpi_get_phys(vhpiPhysPropertyT property, vhpiHandleT object)

XXTERN int vhpi_protected_call(vhpiHandleT varHdl, vhpiUserFctT userFct, void * userData)

XXTERN int vhpi_get_value(vhpiHandleT expr, vhpiValueT * value_p)

XXTERN int vhpi_put_value(vhpiHandleT object, vhpiValueT * value_p, vhpiPutValueModeT flags)

XXTERN int vhpi_schedule_transaction(vhpiHandleT drivHdl, vhpiValueT * value_p, uint32_t numValues, vhpiTimeT * delayp, vhpiDelayModeT delayMode, vhpiTimeT * pulseRejp)

XXTERN int vhpi_format_value(const vhpiValueT * in_value_p, vhpiValueT * out_value_p)

XXTERN void vhpi_get_time(vhpiTimeT * time_p, long * cycles)

XXTERN int vhpi_get_next_time(vhpiTimeT * time_p)

XXTERN int vhpi_control(vhpiSimControlT command, ...)

XXTERN int vhpi_sim_control(vhpiSimControlT command)

XXTERN int vhpi_printf(const char * format, ...)

XXTERN int vhpi_vprintf(const char * format, va_list args)

XXTERN int vhpi_is_printable(char ch)

XXTERN int vhpi_compare_handles(vhpiHandleT handle1, vhpiHandleT handle2)

XXTERN int vhpi_check_error(vhpiErrorInfoT * error_info_p)

XXTERN int vhpi_release_handle(vhpiHandleT object)

XXTERN vhpiHandleT vhpi_create(vhpiClassKindT kind, vhpiHandleT handle1, vhpiHandleT handle2)

XXTERN vhpiHandleT vhpi_register_foreignf(vhpiForeignDataT * foreignDatap)

XXTERN int vhpi_get_foreignf_info(vhpiHandleT hdl, vhpiForeignDataT * foreignDatap)

XXTERN int vhpi_get_foreign_info(vhpiHandleT hdl, vhpiForeignDataT * foreignDatap)

XXTERN size_t vhpi_get_data(int32_t id, void * dataLoc, size_t numBytes)

XXTERN size_t vhpi_put_data(int32_t id, void * dataLoc, size_t numBytes)

XXTERN vhpiHandleT vhpi_get_cause_instance(vhpiHandleT sigHandle)

XXTERN int vhpi_get_cause(vhpiHandleT sigHandle, unsigned int ** p2MagicNumbersBuffer)

XXTERN int vhpi_get_cause_info(const unsigned int ** pn2MagicNumbers, int nBufLen, char * pszHierScopeBuf, int nFilePathBufLen, char * pszSourceFilePathBuf, int * pnLineNr)

XXTERN vhpiIntT vhpi_value_size(vhpiHandleT objHdl, vhpiFormatT format)

Variables

PLI_VEXTERN PLI_DLLISPEC const vhpiPhysT vhpiFS

PLI_VEXTERN PLI_DLLISPEC const vhpiPhysT vhpiPS

PLI_VEXTERN PLI_DLLISPEC const vhpiPhysT vhpiNS

PLI_VEXTERN PLI_DLLISPEC const vhpiPhysT vhpiUS

PLI_VEXTERN PLI_DLLISPEC const vhpiPhysT vhpiMS

PLI_VEXTERN PLI_DLLISPEC const vhpiPhysT vhpiS

PLI_VEXTERN PLI_DLLISPEC const vhpiPhysT vhpiMN

PLI_VEXTERN PLI_DLLISPEC const vhpiPhysT vhpiHR

struct vhpiPhysS¶

Public Members

int32_t high¶

uint32_t low¶

struct vhpiTimeS¶

Public Members

uint32_t high¶

uint32_t low¶

struct vhpiValueS¶

Public Members

vhpiFormatT format¶

size_t bufSize¶

int32_t numElems¶

vhpiPhysT unit¶

vhpiEnumT enumv¶

vhpiEnumT *enumvs¶

vhpiSmallEnumT smallenumv¶

vhpiSmallEnumT *smallenumvs¶

vhpiIntT intg¶

vhpiIntT *intgs¶

vhpiLongIntT longintg¶

vhpiLongIntT *longintgs¶

vhpiRealT real¶

vhpiRealT *reals¶

vhpiSmallPhysT smallphys¶

vhpiSmallPhysT *smallphyss¶

vhpiPhysT phys¶

vhpiPhysT *physs¶

vhpiTimeT time¶

vhpiTimeT *times¶

vhpiCharT ch¶

vhpiCharT *str¶

void *ptr¶

void **ptrs¶

union vhpiValueS::[anonymous] value¶

struct vhpiErrorInfoS¶

Public Members

vhpiSeverityT severity¶

char *message¶

char *str¶

char *file¶

int32_t line¶

struct vhpiCbDataS¶

Public Members

int32_t reason¶

void (*cb_rtn)(const struct vhpiCbDataS *)¶

vhpiHandleT obj¶

vhpiTimeT *time¶

vhpiValueT *value¶

void *user_data¶

struct vhpiForeignDataS¶

Public Members

vhpiForeignT kind¶

char *libraryName¶

char *modelName¶

void (*elabf)(const struct vhpiCbDataS *cb_data_p)¶

void (*execf)(const struct vhpiCbDataS *cb_data_p)¶

File vpi_user.h¶

Defines

SVPI_TYPES¶

PLI_TYPES¶

PLI_DLLISPEC¶

PLI_DLLESPEC¶

PLI_EXTERN¶

PLI_VEXTERN extern¶

PLI_PROTOTYPES¶

PROTO_PARAMS(params) params¶

XXTERN PLI_EXTERN PLI_DLLISPEC¶

EETERN PLI_EXTERN PLI_DLLESPEC¶

vpiAlways 1 /* always construct */¶

vpiAssignStmt 2 /* quasi-continuous assignment */¶

vpiAssignment 3 /* procedural assignment */¶

vpiBegin 4 /* block statement */¶

vpiCase 5 /* case statement */¶

vpiCaseItem 6 /* case statement item */¶

vpiConstant 7 /* numerical constant or literal string */¶

vpiContAssign 8 /* continuous assignment */¶

vpiDeassign 9 /* deassignment statement */¶

vpiDefParam 10 /* defparam */¶

vpiDelayControl 11 /* delay statement (e.g. #10) */¶

vpiDisable 12 /* named block disable statement */¶

vpiEventControl 13 /* wait on event, e.g. @e */¶

vpiEventStmt 14 /* event trigger, e.g. ->e */¶

vpiFor 15 /* for statement */¶

vpiForce 16 /* force statement */¶

vpiForever 17 /* forever statement */¶

vpiFork 18 /* fork-join block */¶

vpiFuncCall 19 /* HDL function call */¶

vpiFunction 20 /* HDL function */¶

vpiGate 21 /* primitive gate */¶

vpiIf 22 /* if statement */¶

vpiIfElse 23 /* if-else statement */¶

vpiInitial 24 /* initial construct */¶

vpiIntegerVar 25 /* integer variable */¶

vpiInterModPath 26 /* intermodule wire delay */¶

vpiIterator 27 /* iterator */¶

vpiIODecl 28 /* input/output declaration */¶

vpiMemory 29 /* behavioral memory */¶

vpiMemoryWord 30 /* single word of memory */¶

vpiModPath 31 /* module path for path delays */¶

vpiModule 32 /* module instance */¶

vpiNamedBegin 33 /* named block statement */¶

vpiNamedEvent 34 /* event variable */¶

vpiNamedFork 35 /* named fork-join block */¶

vpiNet 36 /* scalar or vector net */¶

vpiNetBit 37 /* bit of vector net */¶

vpiNullStmt 38 /* a semicolon. Ie. #10 ; */¶

vpiOperation 39 /* behavioral operation */¶

vpiParamAssign 40 /* module parameter assignment */¶

vpiParameter 41 /* module parameter */¶

vpiPartSelect 42 /* part-select */¶

vpiPathTerm 43 /* terminal of module path */¶

vpiPort 44 /* module port */¶

vpiPortBit 45 /* bit of vector module port */¶

vpiPrimTerm 46 /* primitive terminal */¶

vpiRealVar 47 /* real variable */¶

vpiReg 48 /* scalar or vector reg */¶

vpiRegBit 49 /* bit of vector reg */¶

vpiRelease 50 /* release statement */¶

vpiRepeat 51 /* repeat statement */¶

vpiRepeatControl 52 /* repeat control in an assign stmt */¶

vpiSchedEvent 53 /* vpi_put_value() event */¶

vpiSpecParam 54 /* specparam */¶

vpiSwitch 55 /* transistor switch */¶

vpiSysFuncCall 56 /* system function call */¶

vpiSysTaskCall 57 /* system task call */¶

vpiTableEntry 58 /* UDP state table entry */¶

vpiTask 59 /* HDL task */¶

vpiTaskCall 60 /* HDL task call */¶

vpiTchk 61 /* timing check */¶

vpiTchkTerm 62 /* terminal of timing check */¶

vpiTimeVar 63 /* time variable */¶

vpiTimeQueue 64 /* simulation event queue */¶

vpiUdp 65 /* user-defined primitive */¶

vpiUdpDefn 66 /* UDP definition */¶

vpiUserSystf 67 /* user defined system task or function */¶

vpiVarSelect 68 /* variable array selection */¶

vpiWait 69 /* wait statement */¶

vpiWhile 70 /* while statement */¶

vpiAttribute 105 /* attribute of an object */¶

vpiBitSelect 106 /* Bit-select of parameter, var select */¶

vpiCallback 107 /* callback object */¶

vpiDelayTerm 108 /* Delay term which is a load or driver */¶

vpiDelayDevice 109 /* Delay object within a net */¶

vpiFrame 110 /* reentrant task/func frame */¶

vpiGateArray 111 /* gate instance array */¶

vpiModuleArray 112 /* module instance array */¶

vpiPrimitiveArray 113 /* vpiprimitiveArray type */¶

vpiNetArray 114 /* multidimensional net */¶

vpiRange 115 /* range declaration */¶

vpiRegArray 116 /* multidimensional reg */¶

vpiSwitchArray 117 /* switch instance array */¶

vpiUdpArray 118 /* UDP instance array */¶

vpiContAssignBit 128 /* Bit of a vector continuous assignment */¶

vpiNamedEventArray 129 /* multidimensional named event */¶

vpiIndexedPartSelect 130 /* Indexed part-select object */¶

vpiGenScopeArray 133 /* array of generated scopes */¶

vpiGenScope 134 /* A generated scope */¶

vpiGenVar 135 /* Object used to instantiate gen scopes */¶

vpiCondition 71 /* condition expression */¶

vpiDelay 72 /* net or gate delay */¶

vpiElseStmt 73 /* else statement */¶

vpiForIncStmt 74 /* increment statement in for loop */¶

vpiForInitStmt 75 /* initialization statement in for loop */¶

vpiHighConn 76 /* higher connection to port */¶

vpiLhs 77 /* left-hand side of assignment */¶

vpiIndex 78 /* index of var select, bit-select, etc. */¶

vpiLeftRange 79 /* left range of vector or part-select */¶

vpiLowConn 80 /* lower connection to port */¶

vpiParent 81 /* parent object */¶

vpiRhs 82 /* right-hand side of assignment */¶

vpiRightRange 83 /* right range of vector or part-select */¶

vpiScope 84 /* containing scope object */¶

vpiSysTfCall 85 /* task function call */¶

vpiTchkDataTerm 86 /* timing check data term */¶

vpiTchkNotifier 87 /* timing check notifier */¶

vpiTchkRefTerm 88 /* timing check reference term */¶

vpiArgument 89 /* argument to (system) task/function */¶

vpiBit 90 /* bit of vector net or port */¶

vpiDriver 91 /* driver for a net */¶

vpiInternalScope 92 /* internal scope in module */¶

vpiLoad 93 /* load on net or reg */¶

vpiModDataPathIn 94 /* data terminal of a module path */¶

vpiModPathIn 95 /* Input terminal of a module path */¶

vpiModPathOut 96 /* output terminal of a module path */¶

vpiOperand 97 /* operand of expression */¶

vpiPortInst 98 /* connected port instance */¶

vpiProcess 99 /* process in module */¶

vpiVariables 100 /* variables in module */¶

vpiUse 101 /* usage */¶

vpiExpr 102 /* connected expression */¶

vpiPrimitive 103 /* primitive (gate, switch, UDP) */¶

vpiStmt 104 /* statement in process or task */¶

vpiActiveTimeFormat 119 /* active $timeformat() system task */¶

vpiInTerm 120 /* To get to a delay device’s drivers. */¶

vpiInstanceArray 121 /* vpiInstance arrays */¶

vpiLocalDriver 122 /* local drivers (within a module */¶

vpiLocalLoad 123 /* local loads (within a module */¶

vpiOutTerm 124 /* To get to a delay device’s loads. */¶

vpiPorts 125 /* Module port */¶

vpiSimNet 126 /* simulated net after collapsing */¶

vpiTaskFunc 127 /* HDL task or function */¶

vpiBaseExpr 131 /* Indexed part-select’s base expression */¶

vpiWidthExpr 132 /* Indexed part-select’s width expression */¶

vpiAutomatics 136 /* Automatic variables of a frame */¶

vpiUndefined -1 /* undefined property */¶

vpiType 1 /* type of object */¶

vpiName 2 /* local name of object */¶

vpiFullName 3 /* full hierarchical name */¶

vpiSize 4 /* size of gate, net, port, etc. */¶

vpiFile 5 /* File name in which the object is used*/¶

vpiLineNo 6 /* line number where the object is used */¶

vpiTopModule 7 /* top-level module (boolean) */¶

vpiCellInstance 8 /* cell (boolean) */¶

vpiDefName 9 /* module definition name */¶

vpiProtected 10 /* source protected module (boolean) */¶

vpiTimeUnit 11 /* module time unit */¶

vpiTimePrecision 12 /* module time precision */¶

vpiDefNetType 13 /* default net type */¶

vpiUnconnDrive 14 /* unconnected port drive strength */¶

vpiHighZ 1 /* No default drive given */¶

vpiPull1 2 /* default pull1 drive */¶

vpiPull0 3 /* default pull0 drive */¶

vpiDefFile 15 /* File name where the module is defined*/¶

vpiDefLineNo 16 /* line number for module definition */¶

vpiDefDelayMode 47 /* Default delay mode for a module */¶

vpiDelayModeNone 1 /* no delay mode specified */¶

vpiDelayModePath 2 /* path delay mode */¶

vpiDelayModeDistrib 3 /* distributed delay mode */¶

vpiDelayModeUnit 4 /* unit delay mode */¶

vpiDelayModeZero 5 /* zero delay mode */¶

vpiDelayModeMTM 6 /* min:typ:max delay mode */¶

vpiDefDecayTime 48 /* Default decay time for a module */¶

vpiScalar 17 /* scalar (boolean) */¶

vpiVector 18 /* vector (boolean) */¶

vpiExplicitName 19 /* port is explicitly named */¶

vpiDirection 20 /* direction of port: */¶

vpiInput 1 /* input */¶

vpiOutput 2 /* output */¶

vpiInout 3 /* inout */¶

vpiMixedIO 4 /* mixed input-output */¶

vpiNoDirection 5 /* no direction */¶

vpiConnByName 21 /* connected by name (boolean) */¶

vpiNetType 22 /* net subtypes: */¶

vpiWire 1 /* wire net */¶

vpiWand 2 /* wire-and net */¶

vpiWor 3 /* wire-or net */¶

vpiTri 4 /* three-state net */¶

vpiTri0 5 /* pull-down net */¶

vpiTri1 6 /* pull-up net */¶

vpiTriReg 7 /* tri state reg net */¶

vpiTriAnd 8 /* three-state wire-and net */¶

vpiTriOr 9 /* three-state wire-or net */¶

vpiSupply1 10 /* supply 1 net */¶

vpiSupply0 11 /* supply zero net */¶

vpiNone 12 /* no default net type (1364-2001) */¶

vpiUwire 13 /* unresolved wire net (1364-2005) */¶

vpiExplicitScalared 23 /* explicitly scalared (boolean) */¶

vpiExplicitVectored 24 /* explicitly vectored (boolean) */¶

vpiExpanded 25 /* expanded vector net (boolean) */¶

vpiImplicitDecl 26 /* implicitly declared net (boolean) */¶

vpiChargeStrength 27 /* charge decay strength of net */¶

vpiArray 28 /* variable array (boolean) */¶

vpiPortIndex 29 /* Port index */¶

vpiTermIndex 30 /* Index of a primitive terminal */¶

vpiStrength0 31 /* 0-strength of net or gate */¶

vpiStrength1 32 /* 1-strength of net or gate */¶

vpiPrimType 33 /* prmitive subtypes: */¶

vpiAndPrim 1 /* and gate */¶

vpiNandPrim 2 /* nand gate */¶

vpiNorPrim 3 /* nor gate */¶

vpiOrPrim 4 /* or gate */¶

vpiXorPrim 5 /* xor gate */¶

vpiXnorPrim 6 /* xnor gate */¶

vpiBufPrim 7 /* buffer */¶

vpiNotPrim 8 /* not gate */¶

vpiBufif0Prim 9 /* zero-enabled buffer */¶

vpiBufif1Prim 10 /* one-enabled buffer */¶

vpiNotif0Prim 11 /* zero-enabled not gate */¶

vpiNotif1Prim 12 /* one-enabled not gate */¶

vpiNmosPrim 13 /* nmos switch */¶

vpiPmosPrim 14 /* pmos switch */¶

vpiCmosPrim 15 /* cmos switch */¶

vpiRnmosPrim 16 /* resistive nmos switch */¶

vpiRpmosPrim 17 /* resistive pmos switch */¶

vpiRcmosPrim 18 /* resistive cmos switch */¶

vpiRtranPrim 19 /* resistive bidirectional */¶

vpiRtranif0Prim 20 /* zero-enable resistive bidirectional */¶

vpiRtranif1Prim 21 /* one-enable resistive bidirectional */¶

vpiTranPrim 22 /* bidirectional */¶

vpiTranif0Prim 23 /* zero-enabled bidirectional */¶

vpiTranif1Prim 24 /* one-enabled bidirectional */¶

vpiPullupPrim 25 /* pullup */¶

vpiPulldownPrim 26 /* pulldown */¶

vpiSeqPrim 27 /* sequential UDP */¶

vpiCombPrim 28 /* combinational UDP */¶

vpiPolarity 34 /* polarity of module path… */¶

vpiDataPolarity 35 /* …or data path: */¶

vpiPositive 1 /* positive */¶

vpiNegative 2 /* negative */¶

vpiUnknown 3 /* unknown (unspecified) */¶

vpiEdge 36 /* edge type of module path: */¶

vpiNoEdge 0x00 /* no edge */¶

vpiEdge01 0x01 /* 0 -> 1 */¶

vpiEdge10 0x02 /* 1 -> 0 */¶

vpiEdge0x 0x04 /* 0 -> x */¶

vpiEdgex1 0x08 /* x -> 1 */¶

vpiEdge1x 0x10 /* 1 -> x */¶

vpiEdgex0 0x20 /* x -> 0 */¶

vpiPosedge (vpiEdgex1 | vpiEdge01 | vpiEdge0x)¶

vpiNegedge (vpiEdgex0 | vpiEdge10 | vpiEdge1x)¶

vpiAnyEdge (vpiPosedge | vpiNegedge)¶

vpiPathType 37 /* path delay connection subtypes: */¶

vpiPathFull 1 /* ( a *> b ) */¶

vpiPathParallel 2 /* ( a => b ) */¶

vpiTchkType 38 /* timing check subtypes: */¶

vpiSetup 1 /* $setup */¶

vpiHold 2 /* $hold */¶

vpiPeriod 3 /* $period */¶

vpiWidth 4 /* $width */¶

vpiSkew 5 /* $skew */¶

vpiRecovery 6 /* $recovery */¶

vpiNoChange 7 /* $nochange */¶

vpiSetupHold 8 /* $setuphold */¶

vpiFullskew 9 /* $fullskew – added for 1364-2001 */¶

vpiRecrem 10 /* $recrem – added for 1364-2001 */¶

vpiRemoval 11 /* $removal – added for 1364-2001 */¶

vpiTimeskew 12 /* $timeskew – added for 1364-2001 */¶

vpiOpType 39 /* operation subtypes: */¶

vpiMinusOp 1 /* unary minus */¶

vpiPlusOp 2 /* unary plus */¶

vpiNotOp 3 /* unary not */¶

vpiBitNegOp 4 /* bitwise negation */¶

vpiUnaryAndOp 5 /* bitwise reduction and */¶

vpiUnaryNandOp 6 /* bitwise reduction nand */¶

vpiUnaryOrOp 7 /* bitwise reduction or */¶

vpiUnaryNorOp 8 /* bitwise reduction nor */¶

vpiUnaryXorOp 9 /* bitwise reduction xor */¶

vpiUnaryXNorOp 10 /* bitwise reduction xnor */¶

vpiSubOp 11 /* binary subtraction */¶

vpiDivOp 12 /* binary division */¶

vpiModOp 13 /* binary modulus */¶

vpiEqOp 14 /* binary equality */¶

vpiNeqOp 15 /* binary inequality */¶

vpiCaseEqOp 16 /* case (x and z) equality */¶

vpiCaseNeqOp 17 /* case inequality */¶

vpiGtOp 18 /* binary greater than */¶

vpiGeOp 19 /* binary greater than or equal */¶

vpiLtOp 20 /* binary less than */¶

vpiLeOp 21 /* binary less than or equal */¶

vpiLShiftOp 22 /* binary left shift */¶

vpiRShiftOp 23 /* binary right shift */¶

vpiAddOp 24 /* binary addition */¶

vpiMultOp 25 /* binary multiplication */¶

vpiLogAndOp 26 /* binary logical and */¶

vpiLogOrOp 27 /* binary logical or */¶

vpiBitAndOp 28 /* binary bitwise and */¶

vpiBitOrOp 29 /* binary bitwise or */¶

vpiBitXorOp 30 /* binary bitwise xor */¶

vpiBitXNorOp 31 /* binary bitwise xnor */¶

vpiBitXnorOp vpiBitXNorOp /* added with 1364-2001 */¶

vpiConditionOp 32 /* ternary conditional */¶

vpiConcatOp 33 /* n-ary concatenation */¶

vpiMultiConcatOp 34 /* repeated concatenation */¶

vpiEventOrOp 35 /* event or */¶

vpiNullOp 36 /* null operation */¶

vpiListOp 37 /* list of expressions */¶

vpiMinTypMaxOp 38 /* min:typ:max: delay expression */¶

vpiPosedgeOp 39 /* posedge */¶

vpiNegedgeOp 40 /* negedge */¶

vpiArithLShiftOp 41 /* arithmetic left shift (1364-2001) */¶

vpiArithRShiftOp 42 /* arithmetic right shift (1364-2001) */¶

vpiPowerOp 43 /* arithmetic power op (1364-2001) */¶

vpiConstType 40 /* constant subtypes: */¶

vpiDecConst 1 /* decimal integer */¶

vpiRealConst 2 /* real */¶

vpiBinaryConst 3 /* binary integer */¶

vpiOctConst 4 /* octal integer */¶

vpiHexConst 5 /* hexadecimal integer */¶

vpiStringConst 6 /* string literal */¶

vpiIntConst 7 /* HDL integer constant (1364-2001) */¶

vpiTimeConst 8 /* time constant */¶

vpiBlocking 41 /* blocking assignment (boolean) */¶

vpiCaseType 42 /* case statement subtypes: */¶

vpiCaseExact 1 /* exact match */¶

vpiCaseX 2 /* ignore X’s */¶

vpiCaseZ 3 /* ignore Z’s */¶

vpiNetDeclAssign 43 /* assign part of decl (boolean) */¶

vpiFuncType 44 /* HDL function & system function type */¶

vpiIntFunc 1 /* returns integer */¶

vpiRealFunc 2 /* returns real */¶

vpiTimeFunc 3 /* returns time */¶

vpiSizedFunc 4 /* returns an arbitrary size */¶

vpiSizedSignedFunc 5 /* returns sized signed value */¶

vpiSysFuncType vpiFuncType¶: alias 1364-1995 system function subtypes to 1364-2001 function subtypes

vpiSysFuncInt vpiIntFunc¶

vpiSysFuncReal vpiRealFunc¶

vpiSysFuncTime vpiTimeFunc¶

vpiSysFuncSized vpiSizedFunc¶

vpiUserDefn 45 /*user defined system task/func(boolean)*/¶

vpiScheduled 46 /* object still scheduled (boolean) */¶

vpiActive 49 /* reentrant task/func frame is active */¶

vpiAutomatic 50 /* task/func obj is automatic */¶

vpiCell 51 /* configuration cell */¶

vpiConfig 52 /* configuration config file */¶

vpiConstantSelect 53 /* (boolean) bit-select or part-select indices are constant expressions */ ¶

vpiDecompile 54 /* decompile the object */¶

vpiDefAttribute 55 /* Attribute defined for the obj */¶

vpiDelayType 56 /* delay subtype */¶

vpiModPathDelay 1 /* module path delay */¶

vpiInterModPathDelay 2 /* intermodule path delay */¶

vpiMIPDelay 3 /* module input port delay */¶

vpiIteratorType 57 /* object type of an iterator */¶

vpiLibrary 58 /* configuration library */¶

vpiMultiArray 59 /* Object is a multidimensional array */¶

vpiOffset 60 /* offset from LSB */¶

vpiResolvedNetType 61 /* net subtype after resolution, returns same subtypes as vpiNetType */ ¶

vpiSaveRestartID 62 /* unique ID for save/restart data */¶

vpiSaveRestartLocation 63 /* name of save/restart data file */¶

vpiValid 64 /* reentrant task/func frame or automatic variable is valid */ ¶

vpiValidFalse 0¶

vpiValidTrue 1¶

vpiSigned 65 /* TRUE for vpiIODecl and any object in the expression class if the object has the signed attribute */ ¶

vpiLocalParam 70 /* TRUE when a param is declared as a localparam */ ¶

vpiModPathHasIfNone 71 /* Mod path has an ifnone statement */¶

vpiIndexedPartSelectType 72 /* Indexed part-select type */¶

vpiPosIndexed 1 /* +: */¶

vpiNegIndexed 2 /* -: */¶

vpiIsMemory 73 /* TRUE for a one-dimensional reg array */¶

vpiIsProtected 74 /* TRUE for protected design information */¶

vpiStop 66 /* execute simulator’s $stop */¶

vpiFinish 67 /* execute simulator’s $finish */¶

vpiReset 68 /* execute simulator’s $reset */¶

vpiSetInteractiveScope 69 /* set simulator’s interactive scope */¶

VPI_MCD_STDOUT 0x00000001¶

vpiScaledRealTime 1¶

vpiSimTime 2¶

vpiSuppressTime 3¶

VPI_VECVAL¶

vpiSupplyDrive 0x80¶

vpiStrongDrive 0x40¶

vpiPullDrive 0x20¶

vpiWeakDrive 0x08¶

vpiLargeCharge 0x10¶

vpiMediumCharge 0x04¶

vpiSmallCharge 0x02¶

vpiHiZ 0x01¶

vpiBinStrVal 1¶

vpiOctStrVal 2¶

vpiDecStrVal 3¶

vpiHexStrVal 4¶

vpiScalarVal 5¶

vpiIntVal 6¶

vpiRealVal 7¶

vpiStringVal 8¶

vpiVectorVal 9¶

vpiStrengthVal 10¶

vpiTimeVal 11¶

vpiObjTypeVal 12¶

vpiSuppressVal 13¶

vpiShortIntVal 14¶

vpiLongIntVal 15¶

vpiShortRealVal 16¶

vpiRawTwoStateVal 17¶

vpiRawFourStateVal 18¶

vpiNoDelay 1¶

vpiInertialDelay 2¶

vpiTransportDelay 3¶

vpiPureTransportDelay 4¶

vpiForceFlag 5¶

vpiReleaseFlag 6¶

vpiCancelEvent 7¶

vpiReturnEvent 0x1000¶

vpiUserAllocFlag 0x2000¶

vpiOneValue 0x4000¶

vpiPropagateOff 0x8000¶

vpi0 0¶

vpi1 1¶

vpiZ 2¶

vpiX 3¶

vpiH 4¶

vpiL 5¶

vpiDontCare 6¶

vpiSysTask 1¶

vpiSysFunc 2¶

vpiCompile 1¶

vpiPLI 2¶

vpiRun 3¶

vpiNotice 1¶

vpiWarning 2¶

vpiError 3¶

vpiSystem 4¶

vpiInternal 5¶

vpiTimePrecision 12 /* module time precision */

cbValueChange 1¶

cbStmt 2¶

cbForce 3¶

cbRelease 4¶

cbAtStartOfSimTime 5¶

cbReadWriteSynch 6¶

cbReadOnlySynch 7¶

cbNextSimTime 8¶

cbAfterDelay 9¶

cbEndOfCompile 10¶

cbStartOfSimulation 11¶

cbEndOfSimulation 12¶

cbError 13¶

cbTchkViolation 14¶

cbStartOfSave 15¶

cbEndOfSave 16¶

cbStartOfRestart 17¶

cbEndOfRestart 18¶

cbStartOfReset 19¶

cbEndOfReset 20¶

cbEnterInteractive 21¶

cbExitInteractive 22¶

cbInteractiveScopeChange 23¶

cbUnresolvedSystf 24¶

cbAssign 25¶

cbDeassign 26¶

cbDisable 27¶

cbPLIError 28¶

cbSignal 29¶

cbNBASynch 30¶

cbAtEndOfSimTime 31¶

Typedefs

typedef int64_t PLI_INT64¶

typedef uint64_t PLI_UINT64¶

typedef int PLI_INT32

typedef unsigned int PLI_UINT32

typedef short PLI_INT16

typedef unsigned short PLI_UINT16

typedef char PLI_BYTE8

typedef unsigned char PLI_UBYTE8

typedef PLI_UINT32 *vpiHandle¶

typedef struct t_vpi_time s_vpi_time¶

typedef struct t_vpi_time *p_vpi_time¶

typedef struct t_vpi_delay s_vpi_delay¶

typedef struct t_vpi_delay *p_vpi_delay¶

typedef struct t_vpi_vecval s_vpi_vecval¶

typedef struct t_vpi_vecval *p_vpi_vecval¶

typedef struct t_vpi_strengthval s_vpi_strengthval¶

typedef struct t_vpi_strengthval *p_vpi_strengthval¶

typedef struct t_vpi_value s_vpi_value¶

typedef struct t_vpi_value *p_vpi_value¶

typedef struct t_vpi_arrayvalue s_vpi_arrayvalue¶

typedef struct t_vpi_arrayvalue *p_vpi_arrayvalue¶

typedef struct t_vpi_systf_data s_vpi_systf_data¶

typedef struct t_vpi_systf_data *p_vpi_systf_data¶

typedef struct t_vpi_vlog_info s_vpi_vlog_info¶

typedef struct t_vpi_vlog_info *p_vpi_vlog_info¶

typedef struct t_vpi_error_info s_vpi_error_info¶

typedef struct t_vpi_error_info *p_vpi_error_info¶

typedef struct t_cb_data s_cb_data¶

typedef struct t_cb_data *p_cb_data¶

Functions

XXTERN vpiHandle vpi_register_cb PROTO_PARAMS(( p_cb_data cb_data_p))

XXTERN PLI_INT32 vpi_remove_cb PROTO_PARAMS((vpiHandle cb_obj))

XXTERN void vpi_get_cb_info PROTO_PARAMS((vpiHandle object, p_cb_data cb_data_p))

XXTERN vpiHandle vpi_register_systf PROTO_PARAMS(( p_vpi_systf_data systf_data_p))

XXTERN void vpi_get_systf_info PROTO_PARAMS((vpiHandle object, p_vpi_systf_data systf_data_p))

XXTERN vpiHandle vpi_handle_by_name PROTO_PARAMS((PLI_BYTE8 *name, vpiHandle scope))

XXTERN vpiHandle vpi_handle_by_index PROTO_PARAMS((vpiHandle object, PLI_INT32 indx))

XXTERN vpiHandle vpi_iterate PROTO_PARAMS((PLI_INT32 type, vpiHandle refHandle))

XXTERN vpiHandle vpi_handle_multi PROTO_PARAMS((PLI_INT32 type, vpiHandle refHandle1, vpiHandle refHandle2,...))

XXTERN vpiHandle vpi_scan PROTO_PARAMS((vpiHandle iterator))

XXTERN PLI_BYTE8 *vpi_get_str PROTO_PARAMS((PLI_INT32 property, vpiHandle object))

XXTERN void vpi_put_delays PROTO_PARAMS((vpiHandle object, p_vpi_delay delay_p))

XXTERN void vpi_get_value PROTO_PARAMS((vpiHandle expr, p_vpi_value value_p))

XXTERN vpiHandle vpi_put_value PROTO_PARAMS((vpiHandle object, p_vpi_value value_p, p_vpi_time time_p, PLI_INT32 flags))

XXTERN void vpi_get_value_array PROTO_PARAMS((vpiHandle expr, p_vpi_arrayvalue arrayvalue_p, PLI_INT32 *index_p, PLI_UINT32 num))

XXTERN void vpi_put_value_array PROTO_PARAMS((vpiHandle object, p_vpi_arrayvalue arrayvalue_p, PLI_INT32 *index_p, PLI_UINT32 num))

XXTERN void vpi_get_time PROTO_PARAMS((vpiHandle object, p_vpi_time time_p))

XXTERN PLI_UINT32 vpi_mcd_open PROTO_PARAMS((const PLI_BYTE8 *fileName))

XXTERN PLI_INT32 vpi_mcd_flush PROTO_PARAMS((PLI_UINT32 mcd))

XXTERN PLI_BYTE8* vpi_mcd_name PROTO_PARAMS((PLI_UINT32 cd))

XXTERN PLI_INT32 vpi_mcd_printf PROTO_PARAMS((PLI_UINT32 mcd, const PLI_BYTE8 *format,...))

XXTERN PLI_INT32 vpi_printf PROTO_PARAMS((const PLI_BYTE8 *format,...))

XXTERN PLI_INT32 vpi_compare_objects PROTO_PARAMS((vpiHandle object1, vpiHandle object2))

XXTERN PLI_INT32 vpi_chk_error PROTO_PARAMS(( p_vpi_error_info error_info_p))

XXTERN PLI_INT32 vpi_release_handle PROTO_PARAMS((vpiHandle object))

XXTERN PLI_INT32 vpi_get_vlog_info PROTO_PARAMS(( p_vpi_vlog_info vlog_info_p))

XXTERN PLI_INT32 vpi_put_data PROTO_PARAMS((PLI_INT32 id, PLI_BYTE8 *dataLoc, PLI_INT32 numOfBytes))

XXTERN void* vpi_get_userdata PROTO_PARAMS((vpiHandle obj))

XXTERN PLI_INT32 vpi_put_userdata PROTO_PARAMS((vpiHandle obj, void *userdata))

XXTERN PLI_INT32 vpi_vprintf PROTO_PARAMS((const PLI_BYTE8 *format, va_list ap))

XXTERN PLI_INT32 vpi_mcd_vprintf PROTO_PARAMS((PLI_UINT32 mcd, const PLI_BYTE8 *format, va_list ap))

XXTERN PLI_INT32 vpi_flush PROTO_PARAMS((void))

XXTERN PLI_INT32 vpi_control PROTO_PARAMS((PLI_INT32 operation,...))

XXTERN vpiHandle vpi_handle_by_multi_index PROTO_PARAMS((vpiHandle obj, PLI_INT32 num_index, PLI_INT32 *index_array))

Variables

PLI_VEXTERN PLI_DLLESPEC void(* vlog_startup_routines[])(void)

struct t_vpi_time¶

Public Members

PLI_INT32 type¶

PLI_UINT32 high¶

PLI_UINT32 low¶

double real¶

struct t_vpi_delay¶

Public Members

struct t_vpi_time *da¶

PLI_INT32 no_of_delays¶

PLI_INT32 time_type¶

PLI_INT32 mtm_flag¶

PLI_INT32 append_flag¶

PLI_INT32 pulsere_flag¶

struct t_vpi_vecval¶

Public Members

PLI_INT32 aval¶

PLI_INT32 bval¶

struct t_vpi_strengthval¶

Public Members

PLI_INT32 logic¶

PLI_INT32 s0¶

PLI_INT32 s1¶

struct t_vpi_value¶

Public Members

PLI_INT32 format¶

PLI_BYTE8 *str¶

PLI_INT32 scalar¶

PLI_INT32 integer¶

double real¶

struct t_vpi_time *time¶

struct t_vpi_vecval *vector¶

struct t_vpi_strengthval *strength¶

PLI_BYTE8 *misc¶

union t_vpi_value::[anonymous] value¶

struct t_vpi_arrayvalue¶

Public Members

PLI_UINT32 format¶

PLI_UINT32 flags¶

PLI_INT32 *integers¶

PLI_INT16 *shortints¶

PLI_INT64 *longints¶

PLI_BYTE8 *rawvals¶

struct t_vpi_vecval *vectors¶

struct t_vpi_time *times¶

double *reals¶

float *shortreals¶

union t_vpi_arrayvalue::[anonymous] value¶

struct t_vpi_systf_data¶

Public Members

PLI_INT32 type¶

PLI_INT32 sysfunctype¶

const PLI_BYTE8 *tfname¶

PLI_INT32 (*calltf)(PLI_BYTE8 *)¶

PLI_INT32 (*compiletf)(PLI_BYTE8 *)¶

PLI_INT32 (*sizetf)(PLI_BYTE8 *)¶

PLI_BYTE8 *user_data¶

struct t_vpi_vlog_info¶

Public Members

PLI_INT32 argc¶

PLI_BYTE8 **argv¶

PLI_BYTE8 *product¶

PLI_BYTE8 *version¶

struct t_vpi_error_info¶

Public Members

PLI_INT32 state¶

PLI_INT32 level¶

PLI_BYTE8 *message¶

PLI_BYTE8 *product¶

PLI_BYTE8 *code¶

PLI_BYTE8 *file¶

PLI_INT32 line¶

struct t_cb_data¶

Public Members

PLI_INT32 reason¶

PLI_INT32 (*cb_rtn)(struct t_cb_data *)¶

vpiHandle obj¶

p_vpi_time time¶

p_vpi_value value¶

PLI_INT32 index¶

PLI_BYTE8 *user_data¶

File vpi_user_ext.h¶

Defines

vpiRealNet 526¶

vpiInterconnectNet 533¶

vpiInterconnectArray 534¶

Struct list¶

Struct _log_level_table¶

struct _log_level_table

Struct gpi_sim_info_s¶

struct gpi_sim_info_s

Struct module_state¶

struct module_state

Struct sim_time¶

struct sim_time

Struct t_callback_data¶

struct t_callback_data

Struct t_cb_data¶

struct t_cb_data

Struct t_vpi_arrayvalue¶

struct t_vpi_arrayvalue

Struct t_vpi_assertion_step_info¶

struct t_vpi_assertion_step_info

Struct t_vpi_attempt_info¶

struct t_vpi_attempt_info

Struct t_vpi_delay¶

struct t_vpi_delay

Struct t_vpi_error_info¶

struct t_vpi_error_info

Struct t_vpi_strengthval¶

struct t_vpi_strengthval

Struct t_vpi_systf_data¶

struct t_vpi_systf_data

Struct t_vpi_time¶

struct t_vpi_time

Struct t_vpi_value¶

struct t_vpi_value

Struct t_vpi_vecval¶

struct t_vpi_vecval

Struct t_vpi_vlog_info¶

struct t_vpi_vlog_info

Struct vhpiCbDataS¶

struct vhpiCbDataS

Struct vhpiErrorInfoS¶

struct vhpiErrorInfoS

Struct vhpiForeignDataS¶

struct vhpiForeignDataS

Struct vhpiPhysS¶

struct vhpiPhysS

Struct vhpiTimeS¶

struct vhpiTimeS

Struct vhpiValueS¶

struct vhpiValueS

Tutorial: Endian Swapper¶

In this tutorial we’ll use some of the built-in features of cocotb to quickly create a complex testbench.

Note

All the code and sample output from this example are available on EDA Playground

For the impatient this tutorial is provided as an example with cocotb. You can run this example from a fresh checkout:

cd examples/endian_swapper/tests
make

Design¶

We have a relatively simplistic RTL block called the endian_swapper. The DUT has three interfaces, all conforming to the Avalon standard:

The DUT will swap the endianness of packets on the Avalon-ST bus if a configuration bit is set. For every packet arriving on the stream_in interface the entire packet will be endian swapped if the configuration bit is set, otherwise the entire packet will pass through unmodified.

Testbench¶

To begin with we create a class to encapsulate all the common code for the testbench. It is possible to write directed tests without using a testbench class however to encourage code re-use it is good practice to create a distinct class.

class EndianSwapperTB(object):

    def __init__(self, dut):
        self.dut = dut
        self.stream_in  = AvalonSTDriver(dut, "stream_in", dut.clk)
        self.stream_out = AvalonSTMonitor(dut, "stream_out", dut.clk)
        self.csr = AvalonMaster(dut, "csr", dut.clk)

        self.expected_output = []
        self.scoreboard = Scoreboard(dut)
        self.scoreboard.add_interface(self.stream_out, self.expected_output)

        # Reconstruct the input transactions from the pins and send them to our 'model'
        self.stream_in_recovered = AvalonSTMonitor(dut, "stream_in", dut.clk, callback=self.model)

With the above code we have created a testbench with the following structure:

If we inspect this line-by-line:

self.stream_in  = AvalonSTDriver(dut, "stream_in", dut.clk)

Here we are creating an AvalonSTDriver instance. The constructor requires 3 arguments - a handle to the entity containing the interface (dut), the name of the interface (stream_in) and the associated clock with which to drive the interface (dut.clk). The driver will auto-discover the signals for the interface, assuming that they follow the naming convention <interface_name>_<signal>.

In this case we have the following signals defined for the stream_in interface:

Name	Type	Description (from Avalon Specification)
`stream_in_data`	`data`	The data signal from the source to the sink
`stream_in_empty`	`empty`	Indicates the number of symbols that are empty during cycles that contain the end of a packet
`stream_in_valid`	`valid`	Asserted by the source to qualify all other source to sink signals
`stream_in_startofpacket`	`startofpacket`	Asserted by the source to mark the beginning of a packet
`stream_in_endofpacket`	`endofpacket`	Asserted by the source to mark the end of a packet
`stream_in_ready`	`ready`	Asserted high to indicate that the sink can accept data

By following the signal naming convention the driver can find the signals associated with this interface automatically.

self.stream_out = AvalonSTMonitor(dut, "stream_out", dut.clk)
self.csr = AvalonMaster(dut, "csr", dut.clk)

We do the same to create the monitor on stream_out and the CSR interface.

self.expected_output = []
self.scoreboard = Scoreboard(dut)
self.scoreboard.add_interface(self.stream_out, self.expected_output)

The above lines create a Scoreboard instance and attach it to the stream_out monitor instance. The scoreboard is used to check that the DUT behavior is correct. The call to add_interface() takes a Monitor instance as the first argument and the second argument is a mechanism for describing the expected output for that interface. This could be a callable function but in this example a simple list of expected transactions is sufficient.

# Reconstruct the input transactions from the pins and send them to our 'model'
self.stream_in_recovered = AvalonSTMonitor(dut, "stream_in", dut.clk, callback=self.model)

Finally we create another Monitor instance, this time connected to the stream_in interface. This is to reconstruct the transactions being driven into the DUT. It’s good practice to use a monitor to reconstruct the transactions from the pin interactions rather than snooping them from a higher abstraction layer as we can gain confidence that our drivers and monitors are functioning correctly.

We also pass the keyword argument callback to the monitor constructor which will result in the supplied function being called for each transaction seen on the bus with the transaction as the first argument. Our model function is quite straightforward in this case - we simply append the transaction to the expected output list and increment a counter:

def model(self, transaction):
    """Model the DUT based on the input transaction"""
    self.expected_output.append(transaction)
    self.pkts_sent += 1

Test Function¶

There are various ‘knobs’ we can tweak on this testbench to vary the behavior:

Packet size
Backpressure on the stream_out interface
Idle cycles on the stream_in interface
Configuration switching of the endian swap register during the test.

We want to run different variations of tests but they will all have a very similar structure so we create a common run_test function. To generate backpressure on the stream_out interface we use the BitDriver class from cocotb.drivers.

@cocotb.coroutine
def run_test(dut, data_in=None, config_coroutine=None, idle_inserter=None, backpressure_inserter=None):

    cocotb.fork(Clock(dut.clk, 5000).start())
    tb = EndianSwapperTB(dut)

    yield tb.reset()
    dut.stream_out_ready <= 1

    # Start off any optional coroutines
    if config_coroutine is not None:
        cocotb.fork(config_coroutine(tb.csr))
    if idle_inserter is not None:
        tb.stream_in.set_valid_generator(idle_inserter())
    if backpressure_inserter is not None:
        tb.backpressure.start(backpressure_inserter())

    # Send in the packets
    for transaction in data_in():
        yield tb.stream_in.send(transaction)

    # Wait at least 2 cycles where output ready is low before ending the test
    for i in range(2):
        yield RisingEdge(dut.clk)
        while not dut.stream_out_ready.value:
            yield RisingEdge(dut.clk)

    pkt_count = yield tb.csr.read(1)

    if pkt_count.integer != tb.pkts_sent:
        raise TestFailure("DUT recorded %d packets but tb counted %d" % (
                        pkt_count.integer, tb.pkts_sent))
    else:
        dut._log.info("DUT correctly counted %d packets" % pkt_count.integer)

    raise tb.scoreboard.result

We can see that this test function creates an instance of the testbench, resets the DUT by running the coroutine tb.reset() and then starts off any optional coroutines passed in using the keyword arguments. We then send in all the packets from data_in, ensure that all the packets have been received by waiting 2 cycles at the end. We read the packet count and compare this with the number of packets. Finally we use the tb.scoreboard.result to determine the status of the test. If any transactions didn’t match the expected output then this member would be an instance of the TestFailure result.

Test permutations¶

Having defined a test function we can now auto-generate different permutations of tests using the TestFactory class:

factory = TestFactory(run_test)
factory.add_option("data_in",                 [random_packet_sizes])
factory.add_option("config_coroutine",        [None, randomly_switch_config])
factory.add_option("idle_inserter",           [None, wave, intermittent_single_cycles, random_50_percent])
factory.add_option("backpressure_inserter",   [None, wave, intermittent_single_cycles, random_50_percent])
factory.generate_tests()

This will generate 32 tests (named run_test_001 to run_test_032) with all possible permutations of the options provided for each argument. Note that we utilize some of the built-in generators to toggle backpressure and insert idle cycles.

Tutorial: Ping¶

One of the benefits of Python is the ease with which interfacing is possible. In this tutorial we’ll look at interfacing the standard GNU ping command to the simulator. Using Python we can ping our DUT with fewer than 50 lines of code.

For the impatient this tutorial is provided as an example with cocotb. You can run this example from a fresh checkout:

cd examples/ping_tun_tap/tests
sudo make

Note

To create a virtual interface the test either needs root permissions or have CAP_NET_ADMIN capability.

Architecture¶

We have a simple RTL block that takes ICMP echo requests and generates an ICMP echo response. To verify this behavior we want to run the ping utility against our RTL running in the simulator.

In order to achieve this we need to capture the packets that are created by ping, drive them onto the pins of our DUT in simulation, monitor the output of the DUT and send any responses back to the ping process.

Linux has a TUN/TAP virtual network device which we can use for this purpose, allowing ping to run unmodified and unaware that it is communicating with our simulation rather than a remote network endpoint.

Implementation¶

First of all we need to work out how to create a virtual interface. Python has a huge developer base and a quick search of the web reveals a TUN example that looks like an ideal starting point for our testbench. Using this example we write a function that will create our virtual interface:

import subprocess, fcntl, struct

def create_tun(name="tun0", ip="192.168.255.1"):
    TUNSETIFF = 0x400454ca
    TUNSETOWNER = TUNSETIFF + 2
    IFF_TUN = 0x0001
    IFF_NO_PI = 0x1000
    tun = open('/dev/net/tun', 'r+b')
    ifr = struct.pack('16sH', name, IFF_TUN | IFF_NO_PI)
    fcntl.ioctl(tun, TUNSETIFF, ifr)
    fcntl.ioctl(tun, TUNSETOWNER, 1000)
    subprocess.check_call('ifconfig tun0 %s up pointopoint 192.168.255.2 up' % ip, shell=True)
    return tun

Now we can get started on the actual test. First of all we’ll create a clock signal and connect up the Avalon driver and monitor to the DUT. To help debug the testbench we’ll enable verbose debug on the drivers and monitors by setting the log level to logging.DEBUG.

import cocotb
from cocotb.clock import Clock
from cocotb.drivers.avalon import AvalonSTPkts as AvalonSTDriver
from cocotb.monitors.avalon import AvalonSTPkts as AvalonSTMonitor

@cocotb.test()
def tun_tap_example_test(dut):
    cocotb.fork(Clock(dut.clk, 5000).start())

    stream_in  = AvalonSTDriver(dut, "stream_in", dut.clk)
    stream_out = AvalonSTMonitor(dut, "stream_out", dut.clk)

    # Enable verbose logging on the streaming interfaces
    stream_in.log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
    stream_out.log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

We also need to reset the DUT and drive some default values onto some of the bus signals. Note that we’ll need to import the Timer and RisingEdge triggers.

# Reset the DUT
dut._log.debug("Resetting DUT")
dut.reset_n <= 0
stream_in.bus.valid <= 0
yield Timer(10, units='ns')
yield RisingEdge(dut.clk)
dut.reset_n <= 1
dut.stream_out_ready <= 1

The rest of the test becomes fairly straightforward. We create our TUN interface using our function defined previously. We’ll also use the subprocess module to actually start the ping command.

We then wait for a packet by calling a blocking read call on the TUN file descriptor and simply append that to the queue on the driver. We wait for a packet to arrive on the monitor by yielding on wait_for_recv() and then write the received packet back to the TUN file descriptor.

# Create our interface (destroyed at the end of the test)
tun = create_tun()
fd = tun.fileno()

# Kick off a ping...
subprocess.check_call('ping -c 5 192.168.255.2 &', shell=True)

# Respond to 5 pings, then quit
for i in range(5):

    cocotb.log.info("Waiting for packets on tun interface")
    packet = os.read(fd, 2048)
    cocotb.log.info("Received a packet!")

    stream_in.append(packet)
    result = yield stream_out.wait_for_recv()

    os.write(fd, str(result))

That’s it - simple!

Further work¶

This example is deliberately simplistic to focus on the fundamentals of interfacing to the simulator using TUN/TAP. As an exercise for the reader a useful addition would be to make the file descriptor non-blocking and spawn out separate coroutines for the monitor / driver, thus decoupling the sending and receiving of packets.

Tutorial: Driver Cosimulation¶

Cocotb was designed to provide a common platform for hardware and software developers to interact. By integrating systems early, ideally at the block level, it’s possible to find bugs earlier in the design process.

For any given component that has a software interface there is typically a software abstraction layer or driver which communicates with the hardware. In this tutorial we will call unmodified production software from our testbench and re-use the code written to configure the entity.

For the impatient this tutorial is provided as an example with cocotb. You can run this example from a fresh checkout:

cd examples/endian_swapper/tests
make MODULE=test_endian_swapper_hal

Note

SWIG is required to compile the example

Difficulties with Driver Co-simulation¶

Co-simulating un-modified production software against a block-level testbench is not trivial – there are a couple of significant obstacles to overcome.

Calling the HAL from a test¶

Typically the software component (often referred to as a Hardware Abstraction Layer or HAL) is written in C. We need to call this software from our test written in Python. There are multiple ways to call C code from Python, in this tutorial we’ll use SWIG to generate Python bindings for our HAL.

Blocking in the driver¶

Another difficulty to overcome is the fact that the HAL is expecting to call a low-level function to access the hardware, often something like ioread32. We need this call to block while simulation time advances and a value is either read or written on the bus. To achieve this we link the HAL against a C library that provides the low level read/write functions. These functions in turn call into cocotb and perform the relevant access on the DUT.

Cocotb infrastructure¶

There are two decorators provided to enable this flow, which are typically used together to achieve the required functionality. The cocotb.external decorator turns a normal function that isn’t a coroutine into a blocking coroutine (by running the function in a separate thread). The cocotb.function decorator allows a coroutine that consumes simulation time to be called by a thread started with cocotb.external. The call sequence looks like this:

Implementation¶

Register Map¶

The endian swapper has a very simple register map:

Byte Offset	Register	Bits	Access	Description
0	CONTROL	0	R/W	Enable
0	CONTROL	31:1	N/A	Reserved
4	PACKET_COUNT	31:0	RO	Number of Packets

HAL¶

To keep things simple we use the same RTL from the Tutorial: Endian Swapper. We write a simplistic HAL which provides the following functions:

endian_swapper_enable(endian_swapper_state_t *state);
endian_swapper_disable(endian_swapper_state_t *state);
endian_swapper_get_count(endian_swapper_state_t *state);

These functions call IORD and IOWR – usually provided by the Altera NIOS framework.

IO Module¶

This module acts as the bridge between the C HAL and the Python testbench. It exposes the IORD and IOWR calls to link the HAL against, but also provides a Python interface to allow the read/write bindings to be dynamically set (through set_write_function and set_read_function module functions).

In a more complicated scenario, this could act as an interconnect, dispatching the access to the appropriate driver depending on address decoding, for instance.

Testbench¶

First of all we set up a clock, create an Avalon Master interface and reset the DUT. Then we create two functions that are wrapped with the cocotb.function decorator to be called when the HAL attempts to perform a read or write. These are then passed to the IO Module:

@cocotb.function
def read(address):
    master.log.debug("External source: reading address 0x%08X" % address)
    value = yield master.read(address)
    master.log.debug("Reading complete: got value 0x%08x" % value)
    raise ReturnValue(value)

@cocotb.function
def write(address, value):
    master.log.debug("Write called for 0x%08X -> %d" % (address, value))
    yield master.write(address, value)
    master.log.debug("Write complete")

io_module.set_write_function(write)
io_module.set_read_function(read)

We can then initialize the HAL and call functions, using the cocotb.external decorator to turn the normal function into a blocking coroutine that we can yield:

state = hal.endian_swapper_init(0)
yield cocotb.external(hal.endian_swapper_enable)(state)

The HAL will perform whatever calls it needs, accessing the DUT through the Avalon-MM driver, and control will return to the testbench when the function returns.

Note

The decorator is applied to the function before it is called.

Further Work¶

You may also consider co-simulating unmodified drivers written using mmap (for example built upon the UIO framework), or interfacing with emulators like QEMU to co-simulate when the software needs to execute on a different processor architecture.

More Examples¶

Apart from the examples covered with full tutorials in the previous sections, the directory cocotb/examples/ contains some more smaller modules you may want to take a look at.

Adder¶

The directory cocotb/examples/adder/ contains an adder RTL in both Verilog and VHDL, an adder_model implemented in Python, and the cocotb testbench with two defined tests a simple adder_basic_test() and a slightly more advanced adder_randomised_test().

This example does not use any Driver, Monitor, or Scoreboard; not even a clock.

D Flip-Flop¶

The directory cocotb/examples/dff/ contains a simple D flip-flop, implemented in both VDHL and Verilog.

The HDL has the data input port d, the clock port c, and the data output q with an initial state of 0. No reset port exists.

The cocotb testbench checks the initial state first, then applies random data to the data input. The flip-flop output is captured at each rising edge of the clock and compared to the applied input data using a Scoreboard.

The testbench defines a BitMonitor (a sub-class of Monitor) as a pendant to the cocotb-provided BitDriver. The BitDriver’s start() and stop() methods are used to start and stop generation of input data.

A TestFactory is used to generate the random tests.

Mean¶

The directory cocotb/examples/mean/ contains a module that calculates the mean value of a data input bus i (with signals i_data and i_valid) and outputs it on o (with i_data and o_valid).

It has implementations in both VHDL and SystemVerilog.

The testbench defines a StreamBusMonitor (a sub-class of BusMonitor), a clock generator, a value_test helper coroutine and a few tests. Test mean_randomised_test uses the StreamBusMonitor to feed a Scoreboard with the collected transactions on input bus i.

Mixed Language¶

The directory cocotb/examples/mixed_language/ contains two toplevel HDL files, one in VHDL, one in SystemVerilog, that each instantiate the endian_swapper in SystemVerilog and VHDL in parallel and chains them together so that the endianness is swapped twice.

Thus, we end up with SystemVerilog+VHDL instantiated in VHDL and SystemVerilog+VHDL instantiated in SystemVerilog.

The cocotb testbench pulls the reset on both instances and checks that they behave the same.

Todo

This example is not complete.

AXI Lite Slave¶

The directory cocotb/examples/axi_lite_slave/ contains …

Todo

Write documentation, see README.md

Sorter¶

Example testbench for snippet of code from comp.lang.verilog:

@cocotb.coroutine
def run_test(dut, data_generator=random_data, delay_cycles=2):
    """Send data through the DUT and check it is sorted output."""
    cocotb.fork(Clock(dut.clk, 100).start())

    # Don't check until valid output
    expected = [None] * delay_cycles

    for index, values in enumerate(data_generator(bits=len(dut.in1))):
        expected.append(sorted(values))

        yield RisingEdge(dut.clk)
        dut.in1 = values[0]
        dut.in2 = values[1]
        dut.in3 = values[2]
        dut.in4 = values[3]
        dut.in5 = values[4]

        yield ReadOnly()
        expect = expected.pop(0)

        if expect is None:
            continue

        got = [int(dut.out5), int(dut.out4), int(dut.out3),
               int(dut.out2), int(dut.out1)]

        if got != expect:
            dut._log.error('Expected %s' % expect)
            dut._log.error('Got %s' % got)
            raise TestFailure("Output didn't match")

    dut._log.info('Sucessfully sent %d cycles of data' % (index + 1))

Troubleshooting¶

Simulation Hangs¶

Did you directly call a function that is decorated as a coroutine, i.e. without using await or yield?

Increasing Verbosity¶

If things fail in the VPI/VHPI/FLI area, check your simulator’s documentation to see if it has options to increase its verbosity about what may be wrong. You can then set these options on the make command line as COMPILE_ARGS, SIM_ARGS or EXTRA_ARGS (see Build options and Environment Variables for details).

Attaching a Debugger¶

In order to give yourself time to attach a debugger to the simulator process before it starts to run, you can set the environment variable COCOTB_ATTACH to a pause time value in seconds. If set, cocotb will print the process ID (PID) to attach to and wait the specified time before actually letting the simulator run.

For the GNU debugger GDB, the command is attach <process-id>.

Simulator Support¶

This page documents any known quirks and gotchas in the various simulators.

Icarus¶

Accessing bits in a vector¶

Accessing bits of a vector doesn’t work:

dut.stream_in_data[2] <= 1

See access_single_bit test in examples/functionality/tests/test_discovery.py.

Waveforms¶

To get waveforms in VCD format some Verilog code must be added to the top component as shown in the example below:

module button_deb(
    input  clk,
    input  rst,
    input  button_in,
    output button_valid);

//... Verilog module code here

// the "macro" to dump signals
`ifdef COCOTB_SIM
initial begin
  $dumpfile ("button_deb.vcd");
  $dumpvars (0, button_deb);
  #1;
end
`endif
endmodule

Verilator¶

cocotb supports Verilator 4.020 and above. Verilator converts Verilog code to C++ code that is compiled. It does not support VHDL. One major limitation compared to standard Verilog simulators is that it does not support delayed assignments.

To run cocotb with Verilator, you need verilator in your PATH.

Finally, cocotb currently generates a Verilator toplevel C++ simulation loop which is timed at the highest precision. If your design’s clocks vary in precision, the performance of the simulation can be improved in the same order of magnitude by adjusting the precision in the Makefile, e.g.,

COCOTB_HDL_TIMEPRECISION = 1us # Set precision to 10^-6s

New in version 1.3.

Synopsys VCS¶

Aldec Riviera-PRO¶

The LICENSE_QUEUE environment variable can be used for this simulator – this setting will be mirrored in the TCL license_queue variable to control runtime license checkouts.

Mentor Questa¶

Mentor ModelSim¶

Any ModelSim PE or ModelSim PE derivative (like ModelSim Microsemi, Intel, Lattice Edition) does not support the VHDL FLI feature. If you try to run with FLI enabled, you will see a vsim-FLI-3155 error:

** Error (suppressible): (vsim-FLI-3155) The FLI is not enabled in this version of ModelSim.

ModelSim DE and SE (and Questa, of course) supports the FLI.

Cadence Incisive, Cadence Xcelium¶

GHDL¶

Support is preliminary. Noteworthy is that despite GHDL being a VHDL simulator, it implements the VPI interface.

Roadmap¶

cocotb is in active development.

We use GitHub issues to track our pending tasks. Take a look at the open Feature List to see the work that’s lined up.

If you have a GitHub account you can also raise an enhancement request to suggest new features.

Release Notes¶

All releases are available from the GitHub Releases Page.

cocotb 1.3.1¶

Released on 15 March 2020

Notable changes and bug fixes¶

The Makefiles for the Aldec Riviera and Cadence Incisive simulators have been fixed to use the correct name of the VHPI library (libcocotbvhpi). This bug prevented VHDL designs from being simulated, and was a regression in 1.3.0. (#1472)

cocotb 1.3.0¶

Released on 08 January 2020

This will likely be the last release to support Python 2.7.

New features¶

Initial support for the Verilator simulator (version 4.020 and above). The integration of Verilator into cocotb is not yet as fast or as powerful as it is for other simulators. Please use the latest version of Verilator, and report bugs if you experience problems.
New makefile variables COCOTB_HDL_TIMEUNIT and COCOTB_HDL_TIMEPRECISION for setting the default time unit and precision that should be assumed for simulation when not specified by modules in the design. (#1113)
New timeout_time and timeout_unit arguments to cocotb.test(), for adding test timeouts. (#1119)
cocotb.triggers.with_timeout(), for a shorthand for waiting for a trigger with a timeout. (#1119)
The expect_error argument to cocotb.test() now accepts a specific exception type. (#1116)
New environment variable COCOTB_RESULTS_FILE, to allow configuration of the xunit XML output filename. (#1053)
A new bus_separator argument to cocotb.drivers.BusDriver. (#1160)
A new start_high argument to cocotb.clock.Clock.start(). (#1036)
A new cocotb.__version__ constant, which contains the version number of the running cocotb. (#1196)

Notable changes and bug fixes¶

DeprecationWarnings are now shown in the output by default.
Tracebacks are now preserved correctly for exceptions in Python 2. The tracebacks in all Python versions are now a little shorter.
cocotb.external() and cocotb.function() now work more reliably and with fewer race conditions.
A failing assert will be considered a test failure. Previously, it was considered a test error.
drivers() and loads() now also work correctly in Python 3.7 onwards.
cocotb.triggers.Timer can now be used with decimal.Decimal instances, allowing constructs like Timer(Decimal('1e-9'), units='sec') as an alternate spelling for Timer(100, units='us'). (#1114)
Many (editorial) documentation improvements.

Deprecations¶

cocotb.result.raise_error and cocotb.result.create_error are deprecated in favor of using Python exceptions directly. TestError can still be used if the same exception type is desired. (#1109)
The AvalonSTPktsWithChannel type is deprecated. Use the report_channel argument to AvalonSTPkts instead.
The colour attribute of log objects like cocotb.log or some_coro.log is deprecated. Use cocotb.utils.want_color_output() instead. (#1231)

Other news¶

cocotb is now packaged for Fedora Linux and available as python-cocotb. (Fedora bug #1747574) (thanks Ben Rosser)

cocotb 1.2.0¶

Released on 24 July 2019

New features¶

cocotb is now built as Python package and installable through pip. (#517, #799, #800, #803, #805)
Support for async functions and generators was added (Python 3 only). Please have a look at Async functions for an example how to use this new feature.
VHDL block statements can be traversed. (#850)
Support for Python 3.7 was added.

Notable changes and bug fixes¶

The heart of cocotb, its scheduler, is now even more robust. Many small bugs, inconsistencies and unreliable behavior have been ironed out.
Exceptions are now correctly propagated between coroutines, giving users the “natural” behavior they’d expect with exceptions. (#633)
The setimmediatevalue() function now works for values larger than 32 bit. (#768)
The documentation was cleaned up, improved and extended in various places, making it more consistent and complete.
Tab completion in newer versions of IPython is fixed. (#825)
Python 2.6 is officially not supported any more. cocotb supports Python 2.7 and Python 3.5+.
The cocotb GitHub project moved from potentialventures/cocotb to cocotb/cocotb. Redirects for old URLs are in place.

Deprecations¶

The bits argument to BinaryValue, which is now called n_bits.
The logger attribute of log objects like cocotb.log or some_coro.log, which is now just an alias for self.
The cocotb.utils.get_python_integer_types function, which was intended to be private.

Known issues¶

Depending on your simulation, cocotb 1.2 might be roughly 20 percent slower than cocotb 1.1. Much of the work in this release cycle went into fixing correctness bugs in the scheduler, sometimes at the cost of performance. We are continuing to investigate this in issue #961. Independent of the cocotb version, we recommend using the latest Python 3 version, which is shown to be significantly faster than previous Python 3 versions, and slightly faster than Python 2.7.

Please have a look at the issue tracker for more outstanding issues and contribution opportunities.

cocotb 1.1¶

Released on 24 January 2019.

This release is the result of four years of work with too many bug fixes, improvements and refactorings to name them all. Please have a look at the release announcement on the mailing list for further information.

cocotb 1.0¶

Released on 15 February 2015.

New features¶

FLI support for ModelSim
Mixed Language, Verilog and VHDL
Windows
300% performance improvement with VHPI interface
WaveDrom support for wave diagrams.

cocotb 0.4¶

Released on 25 February 2014.

New features¶

Issue #101: Implement Lock primitive to support mutex
Issue #105: Compatibility with Aldec Riviera-Pro
Issue #109: Combine multiple results.xml into a single results file
Issue #111: XGMII drivers and monitors added
Issue #113: Add operators to BinaryValue class
Issue #116: Native VHDL support by implementing VHPI layer
Issue #117: Added AXI4-Lite Master BFM

Bugs fixed¶

Issue #100: Functional bug in endian_swapper example RTL
Issue #102: Only 1 coroutine wakes up of multiple coroutines wait() on an Event
Issue #114: Fix build issues with Cadence IUS simulator

New examples¶

Issue #106: TUN/TAP example using ping

cocotb 0.3¶

Released on 27 September 2013.

This contains a raft of fixes and feature enhancements.

cocotb 0.2¶

Released on 19 July 2013.

New features¶

Release 0.2 supports more simulators and increases robustness over 0.1.
A centralized installation is now supported (see documentation) with supporting libraries build when the simulation is run for the first time.

cocotb 0.1¶

Released on 9 July 2013.

The first release of cocotb.
Allows installation and running against Icarus, VCS, Aldec simulators.